Gymnosperms

Question 1

modified leaves

Answer 1

sporophylls

Question 2

usually form cones

Answer 2

strobili

Question 3

refers to seeds contained in
fruits, the mature ovaries

Answer 3

anglon (container)

Question 4

first plant to have seeds

Answer 4

gymnosperms

Question 5

Vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed.

Answer 5

gymnosperms

Question 6

seeds are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity

Answer 6

gymnosperms

Question 7

what period when some plants had begun to acquire adaptations characteristic of seed plants

Answer 7

devonian period

Question 8

a heterosporous tree that had a woody stem however, it doesn’t bear seeds.

Answer 8

Archeopteris

Question 9

transitional species of seedless vascular plants which are an extinct
group of woody, spore-bearing plants that eventually gave rise to the gymnosperms.

Answer 9

progymnosperms

Question 10

Life changed profoundly as gymnosperms dominated terrestrial ecosystems throughout
what era

Answer 10

Mesozoic era

Question 11

also known as age of dinosaurs and age of conifers

Answer 11

mesozoic era

Question 12

The living gymnosperms are woody, evergreen except

Answer 12

Larix and Taxodium

Question 13

tallest trees are

Answer 13

Sequoia sempervirens
(366ft) (redwood) and Sequoia
gigantia (342ft)

Question 14

The living members are
found in ____ regions of
earth.

Answer 14

colder

Question 15

species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid
water

Answer 15

xerophyte

Question 16

The leaves have a ___ cuticle that reduces water loss and helps snow to slide off easily, reducing the weight load on the branches.

Answer 16

waxy

Question 17

Strobili consist of a shortened stem with ____ that bear ____

Answer 17

sporophylls: sporangia

Question 18

true or false
gymnosperms are heterosporous

Answer 18

true

Question 19

male cones also known

Answer 19

staminate cones

Question 20

female cones also known as

Answer 20

ovulate cones

Question 21

Sporophylls that bear microsporangia are called

Answer 21

microsporophylls

Question 22

Sporophylls that bear macrosporangia are called

Answer 22

macrosporophylls

Question 23

Four Divisions of Gymnosperm

Answer 23

Division Cycadophyta (the Cycads)
Division Coniferophyta (the Conifers)
Division Gnetophyta (the Gnetophytes)
Division Ginkgophyta ( the Ginkgo)

Question 24

kyos=___; phyton=___

Answer 24

palm ; plant

Question 25

Frequently confused with ferns or Palms

Answer 25

Division Cycadophyta

Question 26

These palm-like plants have unbranched stems, with a terminal crown of leaves.

Answer 26

Division Cycadophyta

Question 27

age of cycads also known as

Answer 27

mesozoic period

Question 28

can survive in different habitats: tropical rainforests, deserts, swamps, sandy and rocky areas.

Answer 28

cycads

Question 29

tend to have short, stout trunks with tough, leathery, pinnately compound leaves that superficially resemble leaves of ferns or palms

Answer 29

cycads

Question 30

Leaves are incredibly well-defended with sharp tips and with complex secondary compounds, including potent neurotoxins and carcinogenic compounds

Answer 30

cycads

Question 31

Secondary growth occurs in the stem but only small amounts of wood and phloem are produced

Answer 31

cycads

Question 32

extremely slow growing, and can live 1,000 years or more

Answer 32

cycads

Question 33

Found in all cycads

Answer 33

coralloid roots

Question 34

Formed masses of lightly colored, club shaped structutres at or near the surface of the soil

Answer 34

coralloid roots

Question 35

Roots are formed that enclosed mutualistic cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen

Answer 35

coralloid roots

Question 36

Enrich the fertility of barren soil, because they are symbiotic with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria

Answer 36

coralloid roots

Question 37

Cycads' reproductive parts are

Answer 37

unisexual and dioecious

Question 38

cones usually singular though there are a few exceptions

Answer 38

Female Reproductive Structures of cycads

Question 39

typically two ovules per megasporophyll which are attached to the inner part of the sporophyll end, or shield

Answer 39

Female Reproductive Structures of cycads

Question 40

A mature cone splits open and dehisces its seeds.

Answer 40

female reproductive structures of cycads

Question 41

They have only one axis, and the megasporophylls are borne on that axis. They have no bracts or axillary buds.

Answer 41

seed cones of cycads

Question 42

not fused structures as is the ovuliferous scale of conifers; instead, the megasporophyll is simple and strongly resembles a foliage leaf

Answer 42

cycad megasporophylls

Question 43

All parts of the cycads are toxic, but the seeds contain higher amounts of

Answer 43

cycasin