Cladogram Flashcards
method used in biology to classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships.
cladistics
branch of systematics, which is the study of the diversity of life and its evolutionary history.
cladistics
Cladistics relies on the principle of common ancestry to organize organisms into groups called
clades
Cladistics relies on the principle of ____ to organize organisms into clades
common ancestry
a group of organisms that includes a single ancestor and all of its descendants.
clade/monophyletic group
A common ancestor and some of its descendants.
paraphyletic
a group with no recent common ancestor.
polyphyletic
diagram used in cladistics to represent the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.
cladogram
These represent the lineages of different organisms being compared.
branches
The length of the branches doesn’t
typically represent time or degree of evolutionary change but rather the relatedness of the organisms. t or f?
true
points where branches intersect.
nodes
direct descent from an ancestor, esp a line of descendants from one ancestor
lineage
They are depicted on the cladogram as the branches stemming from a single node.
clades
the group of living organisms whose relationships are being considered in a cladogram.
ingroup
a species or group of species that is closely related to the group being studied but is not part of it.
outgroup
It’s used to root the cladogram and provide a point of reference for determining ancestral and derived traits.
outgroup
These are characteristics shared by all the
organisms in the cladogram, including the common ancestor.
plesiomorphies
They are not useful for determining relationships within the group being studied.
plesiomorphies
novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form
apomorphy
an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.
synapomorphy
a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon.
autapomorphy
