Gvmnt Reg of Business: Chapter 41

Question 1

externality

Answer 1

a term used by economists to describe the situation in which people do not bear the full cost of their decisions

Question 2

EPA

Answer 2

Environmental Protection Agency - to consolidate environmental regulation under on roof, issues regulations to implement laws among other things

Question 3

What are the four major provisions of the Clean Air Act?

Answer 3

Primary Standards, Secondary Standards, State Implementation Plans, and Citizen Suits

Question 4

Primary Standards

Answer 4

national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for pollution that harms public health (without regard to cost)

Question 5

Secondary Standards

Answer 5

established NAAQS for pollution that may not be a threat to health but has other unpleasant effects like obstructing visibility and harming plants or other amterials

Question 6

SIPs

Answer 6

State Implementation Plans - to meet the primary standards within 3 years and 2ndary standards within a reasonable time

Question 7

Citizen Suits

Answer 7

permits anyone to file suit against a polluter or against the EPA for failing to enforce the statute

Question 8

PSD

Answer 8

Prevention of Significant Deterioration - no one may undertake a building project that will cause a major increase in pollution without first obtaining a permit from the EPA

Question 9

What are power plants 4 options for meeting emissions standards?

Answer 9

1 - installing scrubbers, 2 - using low-sulfur coal, 3 - switching to alternative fuels like natural gas or 4 - trading emissions allowances

Question 10

new source review

Answer 10

companies are required to upgrade pollution devices anytime they renovate a plant ( but not when they undertake routine maintenance)

Question 11

technology forcing

Answer 11

industry is forced to develop the technology

Question 12

low-emission vehicles

Answer 12

cars powered by electricity or natural gas

Question 13

MACT

Answer 13

Maximum Achievable Control Technology - 2 step process meant to create an incentive for polluters to continue to develop better technology

Question 14

CWA

Answer 14

Clean Water Act - set goals with no regard to cost, leaves enforcement to states with (EPA) and permits citizen suits

Question 15

non-point sources

Answer 15

pollutants with no single source, such as water runoff from agricultural land or city streets

Question 16

Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974

Answer 16

requires EPA to set national standards for contaminants potentially harmful in drinking water, prohibits lead, requires communities to send consumer confidence report

Question 17

Ocean Dumping Act of 1972

Answer 17

prohibits the dumping of wastes in ocean water without a permit from the EPA

Question 18

Oil Pollution Act of 1990

Answer 18

sets design standards for ships operating in US waters, and requires shipowners to pay for damage caused by oil discharge from their ships

Question 19

CERCLA or?

Answer 19

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act or Superfund - focuses on cleaning up existing hazardous waste sites

Question 20

RCRA

Answer 20

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act - establishes rules for treating both hazardous wastes and other forms of solid waste such as ordinary garbage

Question 21

FDA

Answer 21

Food and Drug Administration - foods drugs cosmetics

Question 22

OSHA

Answer 22

Occupational Safety and Health Administration - protects workers from exposure to toxic chemicals

Question 23

NRC

Answer 23

Nuclear Regulatory Commission - regulates radioactive substances

Question 24

EPA

Answer 24

pesticides and other toxic chemicals

Question 25

FIFRA

Answer 25

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act - requires manufacturers to register all pesticides with he EPA

Question 26

Federal Food, Drug, And Cosmetic Act

Answer 26

requires EPA to set max levels for pesticide residue in raw or processed food

Question 27

Food Quality Protection Act of 1996

Answer 27

requires EPA to set pesticide standards at levels that are safe for children

Question 28

TSCA

Answer 28

Toxic Substances Control Act - regulates chemicals other than pesticides, foods, drugs, cosmetics so gasoline and paints

Question 29

NEPA

Answer 29

National Environmental Policy Act -requires all federal agencies to prepare an environmental impact statement for every major federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environmnet

Question 30

ESA

Answer 30

Endangered Species Act - - list, help save, prohibits hunt sale or transport

Question 31

HCP

Answer 31

Habitat Conservation Plan for ESA