Guyton Ch 25 Fluid Compartments/Edema

Question 1

[EC Edema]

Increased Capillary pressure can be caused by what 3 things ?

Answer 1

1) Excessive kidney retention of salt and water
2) High venous pressure and venous constriction
or
3)Decreased arteriolar

Question 2

[EC Edema]

What 3 things can cause Decreased Plasma proteins?

Answer 2

1)Loss of proteins in urine (nephrotic syndrome)
2)Loss of protein from denuded skin
or
3)Failure to produce proteins

Question 3

[EC Edema]

What 6 things can cause Increased capillary permeability?

Answer 3

1) Immune reactions - that cause release in histamine or other immune products
2) Toxins
3) Bacterial Infections
4) Vitamin deficiency (esp C)
5) Prolonged ischemia
6) Burns

Question 4

[EC Edema]

What 4 things can cause Blockage of lymph return?

Answer 4

1) Cancer
2) infections
3) Surgery
4) Congenital absence or abnormality of lymphatic vessels

Question 5

[EC Edema]

Excessive kidney retention of salt and water can be caused by what? (2)

Answer 5

1) Acute or chronic kidney failure

2) Mineralocoticoid excess

Question 6

[EC Edema]

What can cause high venous pressure and venous constriction? (3)

Answer 6

1) Heart failure
2) Venous obstruction
3) Failure of pumps

Question 7

[EC Edema]

What can cause failure of pumps (causing high venous pressure/constriction)? 3

Answer 7

1) Paralysis of muscles
2) Imobilization of parts of body
3) Failure of venous valves

Question 8

[EC Edema]

What can cause decreased arteriolar resistance? 3

Answer 8

1) Excessive body heat
2) Insufficiency of sympathetic nervous system
3) Vasodilator drugs

Question 9

[EC Edema]

Loss of protein from denuded skin can be caused by what? 2

Answer 9

Burns

Wounds

Question 10

[EC Edema]

What can cause failure to produce proteins? 2

Answer 10

liver disease

serious protein or caloric malnutrition

Question 11

1) Excessive kidney retention of salt and water
2) High venous pressure and venous constriction
or
3)Decreased arteriolar
Can cause what?

Answer 11

[EC Edema]

Increased capillary pressure

Question 12

1)Loss of proteins in urine (nephrotic syndrome)
2)Loss of protein from denuded skin
or
3)Failure to produce proteins
can cause what?

Answer 12

[EC Edema]

Decreased plasma proteins

Question 13

1)Immune reactions - that cause release in histamine or other immune products
2)Toxins
3) Bacterial Infections
4)Vitamin deficiency (esp C)
5) Prolonged ischemia
6) Burns
CAN CAUSE WHAT?

Answer 13

[EC Edema]

Increased capillary permeability

Question 14

1)Cancer
2)infections
3) Surgery
4) Congenital absence or abnormality of lymphatic vessels
CAN CAUSE WHAT?

Answer 14

EC Edema

Blockage of lymph return

Question 15

Factors that can increase the capillary filtration rate are? 3

Answer 15

1. increase capillary filtration coefficient
2. increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
3. decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Question 16

How to correct hypernatremia?

Answer 16

administering hypo-osmotic NaCl or dextrose solutions

— slowly in chonic cases

Question 17

hypernatremia- dehydration cause?

Answer 17

loss of water from ECF

- Diabetes insipidus or
- Excessive sweating

Question 18

Diabetes insipidus caused by?

Answer 18

inability to secrete antidiuretic hormone (needed for reabsorption) so kidneys secrete tons of dilute urine causing dehydration and an increased [ ] of NaCl in ECF

Question 19

decreased plasma protein concentration is loss of proteins in urine in certain kidney disease is what condition?

Answer 19

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 20

Most common cause of Edema?

Answer 20

Edema caused by Heart Failure

Question 21

Edema caused by heart failure.

-Increased Venous Pressure leads to Increased Capillary Pressure leads to Increased what?

Answer 21

Increased Capillary filtration

Question 22

Edema caused by heart failure.

Decreased Arterial Pressure leads to decreased excretion of salt/water by kidneys leads to Increased Bld Vol Increased what?

Answer 22

Increased Capillary Pressure and Leads to Increased Edema

Question 23

Edema caused by heart failure.

BF to kidneys is reduced it stimulated secretion of what?

Answer 23

stimulates secretion of renin, which Increases formation of Angiotensin II. which increases secretion of aldosterone

Question 24

What does the formation of Angiotensin II and the secretion of aldosterone cause?

Answer 24

Cause additional salt and water retention by kidneys

Question 25

Leakage of proteins from plasma causes colloid osmotic pressure to do what?

Answer 25

FALL
which leads to increased capillary filtration through body and Edema.

Edema caused by decreased Plasma Proteins

Question 26

A condition where there are large of amounts of fibrous tissue among the liver parenchymal cells that prevents them from producing sufficient plasma proteins?

Answer 26

Cirrhosis of the Liver

Question 27

Cirrhosis of liver can cause what?

Answer 27

Generalized Edema by failure to produce enough proteins