Guyton Ch 25 Fluid Compartments/Edema Flashcards
[EC Edema]
Increased Capillary pressure can be caused by what 3 things ?
1) Excessive kidney retention of salt and water
2) High venous pressure and venous constriction
or
3)Decreased arteriolar
[EC Edema]
What 3 things can cause Decreased Plasma proteins?
1)Loss of proteins in urine (nephrotic syndrome)
2)Loss of protein from denuded skin
or
3)Failure to produce proteins
[EC Edema]
What 6 things can cause Increased capillary permeability?
1) Immune reactions - that cause release in histamine or other immune products
2) Toxins
3) Bacterial Infections
4) Vitamin deficiency (esp C)
5) Prolonged ischemia
6) Burns
[EC Edema]
What 4 things can cause Blockage of lymph return?
1) Cancer
2) infections
3) Surgery
4) Congenital absence or abnormality of lymphatic vessels
[EC Edema]
Excessive kidney retention of salt and water can be caused by what? (2)
1) Acute or chronic kidney failure
2) Mineralocoticoid excess
[EC Edema]
What can cause high venous pressure and venous constriction? (3)
1) Heart failure
2) Venous obstruction
3) Failure of pumps
[EC Edema]
What can cause failure of pumps (causing high venous pressure/constriction)? 3
1) Paralysis of muscles
2) Imobilization of parts of body
3) Failure of venous valves
[EC Edema]
What can cause decreased arteriolar resistance? 3
1) Excessive body heat
2) Insufficiency of sympathetic nervous system
3) Vasodilator drugs
[EC Edema]
Loss of protein from denuded skin can be caused by what? 2
Burns
Wounds
[EC Edema]
What can cause failure to produce proteins? 2
liver disease
serious protein or caloric malnutrition
1) Excessive kidney retention of salt and water
2) High venous pressure and venous constriction
or
3)Decreased arteriolar
Can cause what?
[EC Edema]
Increased capillary pressure
1)Loss of proteins in urine (nephrotic syndrome)
2)Loss of protein from denuded skin
or
3)Failure to produce proteins
can cause what?
[EC Edema]
Decreased plasma proteins
1)Immune reactions - that cause release in histamine or other immune products
2)Toxins
3) Bacterial Infections
4)Vitamin deficiency (esp C)
5) Prolonged ischemia
6) Burns
CAN CAUSE WHAT?
[EC Edema]
Increased capillary permeability
1)Cancer
2)infections
3) Surgery
4) Congenital absence or abnormality of lymphatic vessels
CAN CAUSE WHAT?
EC Edema
Blockage of lymph return
Factors that can increase the capillary filtration rate are? 3
- increase capillary filtration coefficient
- increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
How to correct hypernatremia?
administering hypo-osmotic NaCl or dextrose solutions
— slowly in chonic cases
hypernatremia- dehydration cause?
loss of water from ECF
- Diabetes insipidus or - Excessive sweating
Diabetes insipidus caused by?
inability to secrete antidiuretic hormone (needed for reabsorption) so kidneys secrete tons of dilute urine causing dehydration and an increased [ ] of NaCl in ECF
decreased plasma protein concentration is loss of proteins in urine in certain kidney disease is what condition?
Nephrotic Syndrome
Most common cause of Edema?
Edema caused by Heart Failure
Edema caused by heart failure.
-Increased Venous Pressure leads to Increased Capillary Pressure leads to Increased what?
Increased Capillary filtration
Edema caused by heart failure.
Decreased Arterial Pressure leads to decreased excretion of salt/water by kidneys leads to Increased Bld Vol Increased what?
Increased Capillary Pressure and Leads to Increased Edema
Edema caused by heart failure.
BF to kidneys is reduced it stimulated secretion of what?
stimulates secretion of renin, which Increases formation of Angiotensin II. which increases secretion of aldosterone
What does the formation of Angiotensin II and the secretion of aldosterone cause?
Cause additional salt and water retention by kidneys
Leakage of proteins from plasma causes colloid osmotic pressure to do what?
FALL
which leads to increased capillary filtration through body and Edema.
Edema caused by decreased Plasma Proteins
A condition where there are large of amounts of fibrous tissue among the liver parenchymal cells that prevents them from producing sufficient plasma proteins?
Cirrhosis of the Liver
Cirrhosis of liver can cause what?
Generalized Edema by failure to produce enough proteins
