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revision > Guy Fawkes Fireworks > Flashcards

Guy Fawkes Fireworks Flashcards

1
Q

Koilonychia is what and is indicative of what pathology?

A

Spoon shaped depression in the nail plate: lichen planus, iron deficiency anaemia

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2
Q

Give two causes for nail fold erythema/telangiectasia

A

SLE/systemic sclerosis

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3
Q

What is oncholysis and in what condition does it usually occur?

A

nail separates from the nail bed: psoriasis

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4
Q

What pulmonary pathology can give rise to clubbing?

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis, Lung Cancer, Bronchiectasis and CF

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5
Q

Give three CV causes of clubbing.

A

Infective endocarditis, cyanotic CHD and an aneurysm

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6
Q

Give four non respiratory, non CV causes for clubbing

A

IBD, Cirrhosis, Coeliac, Thyroid Acropatchy

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7
Q

Blue/green nails can be indicative of what?

A

pseudomonas

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8
Q

Brown nails can suggest what?

A

Addison’s, fungus, fags

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9
Q

Give three causes of brown longitudinal streaks on the nails

A

Melanocytic naevus, malignant melanoma, Addison’s

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10
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease can give rise to what kind of nail changes?

A

White/Brown colouration

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11
Q

Leukonychia can be associated with what diseases?

A

Chronic liver disease, IBD, decreased protein

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12
Q

What hormones are secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?

A

ACTH, Prolactin, GH, TSH, LH/FSH

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13
Q

What hormones are secreted by the Posterior Pituitary?

A

ADH, Oxytocin

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14
Q

What features would you expect to see in someone with hypopituitarism?

A

Fine, pale skin with decreased hair and decreased secondary sexual characteristics

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15
Q

Erythema nodosum is associated with what diseases?

A

Sarcoidosis, TB, post strep, Connective Tissue disease

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16
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum is associated with which conditions?

A

UC, RA, leukaemia

17
Q

Gluten enteropathy can give rise to what skin condition?

A

Dermatitis herpatiformis

18
Q

What is the typical shape of lesions in erythema multiform?

A

target shaped

19
Q

Is asthma an expiratory or inspiratory wheeze?

A

expiratory

20
Q

Is COPD an expiratory or inspiratory wheeze?

A

expiratory

21
Q

Is stridor an expiratory or inspiratory wheeze?

A

inspiratory

22
Q

Crackles (inspiratory) may be defined as fine or coarse. What do each suggest?

A

Fine - if they change with a cough - bronchiectasis: if they don’t change - Pulmonary Fibrosis
Coarse - pneumonia

23
Q

What symptoms would you expect to find in someone with Left Heart Failure?

A

Activity levels decrease and signs of hypoperfusion (cyanosis and hypoxia) - as a result of decreased cardiac output
A cough with frothy sputum, PND and orthopnea as a result of pulmonary congestion

24
Q

What symptoms would you expect to find in someone with Right Heart Failure?

A

Congestion of the peripheral tissues - oedema and ascites, GI tract congestion- anorexia, nausea, weight loss, liver congestion - abnormal LFTs

25
Q

Give four drugs that can lead to polyneuropathy

A

Amiodarone, Metronidazole, NO, Alcohol

26
Q

Which infectious diseases can give rise to polyneuropathy?

A

HIV, Leprosy, Lyme Disease, Diptheria

27
Q

Name an inflammatory cause for polyneurpathy

A

G-B syndrome.

28
Q

Subdural Haematoma will show as what shape on a CT?

A

high attenuation crescent

29
Q

Which cerebral artery is most likely to be damaged in an acute extradural haematoma?

A

Middle meningeal

30
Q

Is the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus (DCML) Pathway Ascending or Descending?

A

Ascending

31
Q

What sensations doe the DCML convey?

A

Proprioception and Fine Touch

32
Q

Where does the DCML decussate?

A

At the second order neurone in the Medulla Oblongata (Gracile fasciculus for the lower limb; Cuneate Fasciculus for the upper limb)

33
Q

What are the two divisions of the Spinothalamic Tract and what do they convey?

A

Anterior Spinothalamic Tract carries crude touch and pressure
Lateral Spinothalamic Tract carries pain and temperature

34
Q

Where do the Spinothalamic tracts Decussate

A

At (or about) the same level of entry of the first order neurone

35
Q

Do the DCML carry sensation of the same side or opposite side of the body?

A

Same

36
Q

Do the Spinothalamic tracts carry sensations from the same or opposite sides of the body?

A

Opposite

37
Q

Where is the junction between the second and third order neurones in both the DCML and spinothalamic tracts?

A

In the thalamus

38
Q

What are the Schneiderian First Rank Symptoms?

A
  • Primary Delusions
  • Delusion of control (‘puppet’ actions or emotions)
  • 3rd person Auditory Hallucinations :
    • thought echo
    • voices arguing or discussing the pt
    • voices commenting on actions
  • Somatic Hallucinations
  • Delusions of thought control or ‘Subjective thought
    disorder’ :
  • thought insertion
  • thought withdrawal
  • thought broadcast

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