Guy Fawkes Fireworks

Question 1

Koilonychia is what and is indicative of what pathology?

Answer 1

Spoon shaped depression in the nail plate: lichen planus, iron deficiency anaemia

Question 2

Give two causes for nail fold erythema/telangiectasia

Answer 2

SLE/systemic sclerosis

Question 3

What is oncholysis and in what condition does it usually occur?

Answer 3

nail separates from the nail bed: psoriasis

Question 4

What pulmonary pathology can give rise to clubbing?

Answer 4

Pulmonary Fibrosis, Lung Cancer, Bronchiectasis and CF

Question 5

Give three CV causes of clubbing.

Answer 5

Infective endocarditis, cyanotic CHD and an aneurysm

Question 6

Give four non respiratory, non CV causes for clubbing

Answer 6

IBD, Cirrhosis, Coeliac, Thyroid Acropatchy

Question 7

Blue/green nails can be indicative of what?

Answer 7

pseudomonas

Question 8

Brown nails can suggest what?

Answer 8

Addison’s, fungus, fags

Question 9

Give three causes of brown longitudinal streaks on the nails

Answer 9

Melanocytic naevus, malignant melanoma, Addison’s

Question 10

Chronic Kidney Disease can give rise to what kind of nail changes?

Answer 10

White/Brown colouration

Question 11

Leukonychia can be associated with what diseases?

Answer 11

Chronic liver disease, IBD, decreased protein

Question 12

What hormones are secreted by the Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 12

ACTH, Prolactin, GH, TSH, LH/FSH

Question 13

What hormones are secreted by the Posterior Pituitary?

Answer 13

ADH, Oxytocin

Question 14

What features would you expect to see in someone with hypopituitarism?

Answer 14

Fine, pale skin with decreased hair and decreased secondary sexual characteristics

Question 15

Erythema nodosum is associated with what diseases?

Answer 15

Sarcoidosis, TB, post strep, Connective Tissue disease

Question 16

Pyoderma gangrenosum is associated with which conditions?

Answer 16

UC, RA, leukaemia

Question 17

Gluten enteropathy can give rise to what skin condition?

Answer 17

Dermatitis herpatiformis

Question 18

What is the typical shape of lesions in erythema multiform?

Answer 18

target shaped

Question 19

Is asthma an expiratory or inspiratory wheeze?

Answer 19

expiratory

Question 20

Is COPD an expiratory or inspiratory wheeze?

Answer 20

expiratory

Question 21

Is stridor an expiratory or inspiratory wheeze?

Answer 21

inspiratory

Question 22

Crackles (inspiratory) may be defined as fine or coarse. What do each suggest?

Answer 22

Fine - if they change with a cough - bronchiectasis: if they don’t change - Pulmonary Fibrosis
Coarse - pneumonia

Question 23

What symptoms would you expect to find in someone with Left Heart Failure?

Answer 23

Activity levels decrease and signs of hypoperfusion (cyanosis and hypoxia) - as a result of decreased cardiac output
A cough with frothy sputum, PND and orthopnea as a result of pulmonary congestion

Question 24

What symptoms would you expect to find in someone with Right Heart Failure?

Answer 24

Congestion of the peripheral tissues - oedema and ascites, GI tract congestion- anorexia, nausea, weight loss, liver congestion - abnormal LFTs

Question 25

Give four drugs that can lead to polyneuropathy

Answer 25

Amiodarone, Metronidazole, NO, Alcohol

Question 26

Which infectious diseases can give rise to polyneuropathy?

Answer 26

HIV, Leprosy, Lyme Disease, Diptheria

Question 27

Name an inflammatory cause for polyneurpathy

Answer 27

G-B syndrome.

Question 28

Subdural Haematoma will show as what shape on a CT?

Answer 28

high attenuation crescent

Question 29

Which cerebral artery is most likely to be damaged in an acute extradural haematoma?

Answer 29

Middle meningeal

Question 30

Is the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus (DCML) Pathway Ascending or Descending?

Answer 30

Ascending

Question 31

What sensations doe the DCML convey?

Answer 31

Proprioception and Fine Touch

Question 32

Where does the DCML decussate?

Answer 32

At the second order neurone in the Medulla Oblongata (Gracile fasciculus for the lower limb; Cuneate Fasciculus for the upper limb)

Question 33

What are the two divisions of the Spinothalamic Tract and what do they convey?

Answer 33

Anterior Spinothalamic Tract carries crude touch and pressure Lateral Spinothalamic Tract carries pain and temperature

Question 34

Where do the Spinothalamic tracts Decussate

Answer 34

At (or about) the same level of entry of the first order neurone

Question 35

Do the DCML carry sensation of the same side or opposite side of the body?

Answer 35

Same

Question 36

Do the Spinothalamic tracts carry sensations from the same or opposite sides of the body?

Answer 36

Opposite

Question 37

Where is the junction between the second and third order neurones in both the DCML and spinothalamic tracts?

Answer 37

In the thalamus

Question 38

What are the Schneiderian First Rank Symptoms?

Answer 38

- Primary Delusions - Delusion of control ('puppet' actions or emotions) - 3rd person Auditory Hallucinations : - thought echo - voices arguing or discussing the pt - voices commenting on actions - Somatic Hallucinations - Delusions of thought control or ‘Subjective thought disorder’ : - thought insertion - thought withdrawal - thought broadcast