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GI anatomy > Gut tube - stomach, small and large intestine > Flashcards

Gut tube - stomach, small and large intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the oesophagus extend from/to?

A

Pharynx to the stomach

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2
Q

What are the 3 constrictions of the oesophagus?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

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3
Q

What is the vertebral level of the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm?

A

T10

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4
Q

List the structures that traverse the oesophageal opening

A

Oesophagus
Vagus nerve
Left inferior phrenic vessels
Oesophageal branches of Left gastric vessels

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the abdominal part of the oesophagus?

A

Branches of the left gastric artery

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6
Q

What are the two orifices of the stomach?

A

Cardial orifice

Pyloric orifice

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7
Q

What are the two curvatures of the stomach?

A

Greater curvature

Lesser curvature

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8
Q

What are the two surfaces of the stomach?

A

Anterior surface

Posterior surface

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9
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Band of smooth muscle at junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum

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10
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A

Acts as a valve to control the flow of partially digested food from the stomach

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11
Q

The pyloric sphincter is formed from what?

A

Thickening of the circular smooth muscle layer of the muscularis externa

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12
Q

The lesser omentum extends from where to where?

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach to liver

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13
Q

The greater omentum extends from where to where?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

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14
Q

What are the gastric folds formed from?

A

Gastric mucosa

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15
Q

In which portions of the stomach are the gastric folds most apparent?

A

Pyloric part

Greater curvature of the stomach

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16
Q

Which sphincter controls the discharge of food from the stomach to the duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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17
Q

What are the 2 main tributaries to the portal vein?

A

Superior Mesenteric

Splenic

18
Q

The 4 primary groups of lymph nodes around the stomach all eventually drain into which group of lymph nodes?

A

Celiac

19
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on the pylorus?

A

Increased activity - relaxed pylorus

20
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on gastric secretion?

A

Increased gastric secretion

21
Q

Which nerve is key in controlling gastric motility?

A

Vagus nerve

22
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

23
Q

Which part of the small intestine receives the opening of the bile and pancreatic duct?

A

Duodenum

24
Q

Where is the foregut/midgut boundary in the small intestine?

A

Entrance of the bile duct in the duodenum

25
Q

Which part of the small intestine is retroperitonised?

A

Duodenum

26
Q

In which part of the small intestine do the arterial arcades have many loops?

A

Ileum

27
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system stimulations reduces the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as a vasoconstrictor?

A

Sympathetic

28
Q

The large intestine can be differentiated from the small intestine by what features?

A

Teniae Coli
Hausfrau
Omental Appendices

29
Q

How is the caecum of the large intestine peritonised?

A

Intraperitonised

30
Q

In which abdominal region is the caecum and appendix located?

A

Right Inguinal

31
Q

Which two structures open into the cavity of the caecum?

A

Ileum

Appendix

32
Q

What is deep tenderness at McBurney’s point a sign of?

A

Acute Appendicitis

33
Q

What is the arterial supply to the superior third of the rectum?

A

Terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery

34
Q

What is the arterial supply to the inferior third of the rectum?

A

Internal Duodenal Artery

35
Q

What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?

A

Pelvic floor muscles support the rectum

36
Q

What structures other than the pelvic floor are involved in faecal continence?

A

Sphincter

Rectum

37
Q

The hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments are part of which omentum?

A

Lesser

38
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall

39
Q

How many layers of peritoneum are present in the greater omentum?

A

4

40
Q

What are the paracolic gutters?

A

Spaces between the colon and the abdominal wlal

41
Q

What is the clinical significance of the paracolic gutters?

A

Bile, pus or blood can collect in these gutters well away from the site of origin

42
Q

List 3 abdominal viscera which lie in the free edge of a double layer of peritoneum described as the mesentery

A

Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon
Appendix

GI anatomy (14 decks)

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