Gut tube - stomach, small and large intestine

Question 1

Where does the oesophagus extend from/to?

Answer 1

Pharynx to the stomach

Question 2

What are the 3 constrictions of the oesophagus?

Answer 2

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

Question 3

What is the vertebral level of the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm?

Answer 3

T10

Question 4

List the structures that traverse the oesophageal opening

Answer 4

Oesophagus
Vagus nerve
Left inferior phrenic vessels
Oesophageal branches of Left gastric vessels

Question 5

What is the blood supply to the abdominal part of the oesophagus?

Answer 5

Branches of the left gastric artery

Question 6

What are the two orifices of the stomach?

Answer 6

Cardial orifice

Pyloric orifice

Question 7

What are the two curvatures of the stomach?

Answer 7

Greater curvature

Lesser curvature

Question 8

What are the two surfaces of the stomach?

Answer 8

Anterior surface

Posterior surface

Question 9

What is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 9

Band of smooth muscle at junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum

Question 10

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 10

Acts as a valve to control the flow of partially digested food from the stomach

Question 11

The pyloric sphincter is formed from what?

Answer 11

Thickening of the circular smooth muscle layer of the muscularis externa

Question 12

The lesser omentum extends from where to where?

Answer 12

Lesser curvature of the stomach to liver

Question 13

The greater omentum extends from where to where?

Answer 13

Greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 14

What are the gastric folds formed from?

Answer 14

Gastric mucosa

Question 15

In which portions of the stomach are the gastric folds most apparent?

Answer 15

Pyloric part

Greater curvature of the stomach

Question 16

Which sphincter controls the discharge of food from the stomach to the duodenum?

Answer 16

Pyloric sphincter

Question 17

What are the 2 main tributaries to the portal vein?

Answer 17

Superior Mesenteric

Splenic

Question 18

The 4 primary groups of lymph nodes around the stomach all eventually drain into which group of lymph nodes?

Answer 18

Celiac

Question 19

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on the pylorus?

Answer 19

Increased activity - relaxed pylorus

Question 20

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on gastric secretion?

Answer 20

Increased gastric secretion

Question 21

Which nerve is key in controlling gastric motility?

Answer 21

Vagus nerve

Question 22

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 22

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 23

Which part of the small intestine receives the opening of the bile and pancreatic duct?

Answer 23

Duodenum

Question 24

Where is the foregut/midgut boundary in the small intestine?

Answer 24

Entrance of the bile duct in the duodenum

Question 25

Which part of the small intestine is retroperitonised?

Answer 25

Duodenum

Question 26

In which part of the small intestine do the arterial arcades have many loops?

Answer 26

Ileum

Question 27

Which part of the autonomic nervous system stimulations reduces the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as a vasoconstrictor?

Answer 27

Sympathetic

Question 28

The large intestine can be differentiated from the small intestine by what features?

Answer 28

Teniae Coli Hausfrau Omental Appendices

Question 29

How is the caecum of the large intestine peritonised?

Answer 29

Intraperitonised

Question 30

In which abdominal region is the caecum and appendix located?

Answer 30

Right Inguinal

Question 31

Which two structures open into the cavity of the caecum?

Answer 31

Ileum | Appendix

Question 32

What is deep tenderness at McBurney's point a sign of?

Answer 32

Acute Appendicitis

Question 33

What is the arterial supply to the superior third of the rectum?

Answer 33

Terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 34

What is the arterial supply to the inferior third of the rectum?

Answer 34

Internal Duodenal Artery

Question 35

What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?

Answer 35

Pelvic floor muscles support the rectum

Question 36

What structures other than the pelvic floor are involved in faecal continence?

Answer 36

Sphincter | Rectum

Question 37

The hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments are part of which omentum?

Answer 37

Lesser

Question 38

What is the falciform ligament?

Answer 38

Ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior body wall

Question 39

How many layers of peritoneum are present in the greater omentum?

Answer 39

4

Question 40

What are the paracolic gutters?

Answer 40

Spaces between the colon and the abdominal wlal

Question 41

What is the clinical significance of the paracolic gutters?

Answer 41

Bile, pus or blood can collect in these gutters well away from the site of origin

Question 42

List 3 abdominal viscera which lie in the free edge of a double layer of peritoneum described as the mesentery

Answer 42

Transverse mesocolon Sigmoid mesocolon Appendix