Gut development

Question 1

What are the main weeks of gut development?

Answer 1

Weeks 4 - 8

Question 2

Define Atresia

Answer 2

Blockage of a tube

Question 3

Define Stenosis

Answer 3

Narrowing of a tube

Question 4

What attaches the stomach to the body wall

Answer 4

Ventral and dorsal mesogastrium

Question 5

Where does the liver but originate?

Ventral or dorsal mesogastrium

Answer 5

Ventral mesogastrium

Question 6

What structure forms the greater omentum?

Answer 6

Dorsal mesogastrium

Question 7

From how many buds does the pancreas form

Answer 7

2 buds; tail and head develop separately

Question 8

From what structures do the head and tail portions of the pancreas develop?

Answer 8

Head from ventral mesogastrium

Tail from dorsal mesogastrium

Question 9

Why does the left Vagus nerve sit on the anterior face of the stomach?

Answer 9

Left Vagus nerve originally runs down the left side of the stomach
It ir rotated 90* with the stomach during dilation and rotation phase of development

Question 10

From which germ layer do the visceral organs develop

Answer 10

Mesoderm

Question 11

From which germ layer do the epithelia and glands of the GI develop?

Answer 11

Endoderm

Question 12

From which structure does the liver bud develop?

Answer 12

Ventral mesogastrium

Question 13

Does the main pancreatic duct originate from the head or tail bud?

Answer 13

Head of the pancreas, developed from the ventral mesogastrium, gives rise to the main pancreatic duct.
Accessory pancreatic duct from the tail portion is present in 10% population

Question 14

Which portion of the developing GI tract is still connected to the yolk sac via the yolk stalk?

Answer 14

Midgut

Question 15

Which artery supplies the foregut?

Answer 15

Celiac Trunk

Question 16

Which artery supplies the midgut?

Answer 16

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 17

Which artery suplies the hindgut?

Answer 17

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 18

What are the 2 main processes in midgut development?

Answer 18

Elongation and rotation
Such elongation that herniation occurs into the umbilical cord
Total rotation of the duodenum is approx. 270*

Question 19

Where does the foregut start and end in the embryo & adult?

Answer 19

Embryo;
Oropharyngeal membrane
Liver outgrowth

Adult;
Mouth
Bile duct, duodenum

Question 20

Where does the midgut start and end in the embryo and adult?

Answer 20

Embryo;
Liveroutgrowth
Distal 3rd of transverse colon

Adult;
Bile duct, duodenum
Distal 3rd of transverse colon

Question 21

Where does the hindgut start and end in the embryo and adult?

Answer 21

Embryo;
Distal 3rd transverse colon
Colacal membrane

Adult;
Distal 3rd transverse colon
Rectum

Question 22

What is the boundary between the endoderm and the ectoderm in the hind gut?

Answer 22

Cloacal membrane

Question 23

What separates the allantois from the hindgut in the cloaca?

Answer 23

Urorectal septum

Question 24

The urorectal septum separates the cloaca into 2 parts; ventral and dorsal.
What structures develop in each part?

Answer 24

Ventral
Urogenital sinus. Bladder and urethral parts.

Dorsal
Anal canal & rectum.

Question 25

What is the Allantois?

Answer 25

Part of the hidgut protruding through the umbilical stalk

Question 26

From what structure does the median ubillical ligament and umbilical arteries & veins develop?

Answer 26

Allantois

Question 27

In which weeks do the herniated intestines return to the abdomen?

Answer 27

Weeks 11-12

Question 28

What is the name for the primordial mouth?

Answer 28

Stomodenum

Question 29

What is the name for the anal pit in development?

Answer 29

Proctodenum

Question 30

Blood supply to the anal cannal is different for the proximal 2/3rd and the distal 3rd. What are they?

Answer 30

Proximal 2/3rd; inferior mesenteric artery

Distal 3rd; inferior rectal arteries
This part of the rectum is of ectodermal origin