Gut Flashcards
What are the organs found in the intraperitoneal space?
- Gallbladder, bile duct
- Stomach
- Proximal 1/4 of Duodenum (superior)
- Ileum
- Jejunum
- Cecum
- Appendix
- Transverse colon
- Sigmoid colon
What are the organs found in the primary retroperitoneal space?
- Rectum
- Kidneys
What are the organs found in the secondary retroperitoneal space?
- Distal 3/4 of Duodenum (descending, horizontal, ascending)
- Pancreas
- Ascending colon
- Descending colon
From what two organs does the lesser omentum originate? What are the two ligaments associated with the lesser omentum?
Liver and stomach
- Hepatogastric ligament (liver and stomach)
- Hepatoduodenal ligament (liver and duodenum)
What three structures compose the portal triad?
- Portal v.
- Proper hepatic a.
- Bile duct
What are the two types of hiatal hernias? Describe them.
- Sliding hiatal hernia: abdominal esophagus and stomach cardia slide through esophageal hiatus
- Paraesophageal hiatal hernia: stomach fundus slides through the esophageal hiatus
How do the Vagus nn. rotate with the stomach?
- Left Vagus n. wraps to anterior esophagus
- Right Vagus n. wraps posterior to esophagus
What is the name of the suspensory muscle that supports the flexure at the duodenum? What is the name of this flexure?
Ligament of Treitz supports the duodenojejunal flexure
What is the name of the folds in the small intestine and what parts of the intestine are they present in?
Plicae circulaes are found in the jejunum (proximal 2/5 of small intestines)
What is the name of the nodules found in the small intestine and what parts of the intestine are they present in?
Lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches) are found in the ileum (distal 3/5 of small intestines)
What is the name of the congenital defect found in the small intestine and how prevalent is it? What is it a remnant of?
Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum is a remnant of the yolk stalk and is found in about 2% of the population
At what vertebral level does referred pain in appendicitis originate? Where is the localized pain located?
Referred pain: T10
Localized pain: RLQ
Which of the colic flexures sits higher?
Left (splenic) sits higher than the right (hepatic) because there is no liver in the way
What is the purpose of the paracolic gutters?
Allow for the spreading of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
What are the three characteristics not found in the rectum that are found in the rest of the large intestine?
- Teniae coli
- Haustra
- Omental appendices
What is the name of the suspensory muscle that supports the flexure of the rectum? What is the name of this flexure?
The puborectalis supports the anorectal flexure
What are the 3 main tributaries of the Portal System? What vein do they all drain into?
- Splenic v.
- SMV
- IMV
All drain into the Portal v.
Why is the right kidney slightly more inferior than the left kidney?
Liver is in the way
What are the 3 vessels found in the renal hilum and in what order do they present?
- Renal vein (anterior)
- Renal artery
- Renal pelvis (posterior)
At what vertebral level does the bifurcation of the Abdominal Aorta occur? What arteries does it split into?
At L4, the AA bifurcates into the common iliac aa.
At what vertebral level does the bifurcation of the IVC occur? What veins does it split into?
At L5, the IV bifurcates into the common iliac vv.
What are the paired branches of the Abdominal Aorta? (hint: there are 8 lol)
- Inferior phrenic aa. to Superior suprarenal aa.
- Middle suprarenal aa.
- Renal aa. to Inferior suprarenal aa.
- Gonadal aa.
- Subcostal aa. (T12)
- Lumbar aa.
What veins do the left and right gonadal veins drain into?
- Left gonadal vein drains into left renal vein
- Right gonadal vein drains directly into IVC
The Iliacus muscle sits directly inferior to the _____ and directly lateral to the _____
Iliacus is inferior to the Quadratus lumborum and lateral to the Psoas
