Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 404 > Gustation > Flashcards

Gustation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Do taste cells have neurons which project to higher brain regions?

A

Sort of: don’t have their own nerves, but are connected to cranial nerve terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the volatility of gustatory compounds. How does this different from olfactory compounds?

A

Non volatile, as opposed to olfactory molecules, which are volatile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many circumvallate papillae are there?

A

3-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many taste buds are contained in the circumvallate papillae?

A

252 taste buds per papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many foliate papillae are there?

A

10-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many taste buds are there contained in a foliate papilla?

A

117

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many fungiform papillae are there?

A

200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many taste buds are there in a fungiform papilla?

A

1-18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which cranial nerve terminates in the circumvallae and foliate papillae?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which cranial nerve terminates in the fungiform papillae?

A

Chorda tympani (VII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which other sensory systems contribute input to gustation? (2)

A

Visual system
Olfactory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: The modified epithelial cells of the taste buds generate APs

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of tissue are taste receptor cells?

A

Epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Taste receptor cells are replaced this often

A

Every 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which taste modalities use GPCRs?

A

Bitter, sweet, and umami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the 2 possible taste receptors for sweet

A

Can be homo or heterodimer of T1R2 and T1R3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why don’t cats have a sweet taste?

A

Because they have a knock out in the T1R2 receptor gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the receptor for umami

A

Heterodimer of T1R1 and T1R3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the specific taste of umami detecting?

A

L-amino acids: aspartate and glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is common between the sweet and umami taste receptors?

A

T1R3

21
Q

What is the name of the receptor family of bitter taste receptors?

A

T2Rs

22
Q

How many genes make up the T2R (bitter) receptor family?

A

30

23
Q

Why might there be more T2Rs in mice than in humans?

A

Humans are more visual: might need to rely on taste less

24
Q

Describe human TRP channels (4)

A

6TM domains
Nonselective cation channels
Many thermosensitive (capsaicin/menthol)
Many associated with GPCRs

25
Q

When PLC is knocked out, which taste modalities are also knocked out?

A

Umami, sweet, and bitter

26
Q

When TRMP5 channels are knocked out, which taste modalities are knocked out?

A

Umami, sweet, bitter

27
Q

Are bitter receptors expressed alone, or coexpressed with other bitter receptors?

A

Coexpressed: just need cells to respond to initiate aversive reaction

28
Q

What does it mean for a cell to be “broadly tuned”

A

It is able to respond to a wide variety of ligands

29
Q

Are sweet and umami receptors coexpressed with bitter receptors?

A

No

30
Q

What is PKD2L1?

A

Polycystronic kidney disease channel: a TRP-like channel which was thought to be the sour channel but is NOT!

31
Q

What is the channel which mediates sour taste?

A

OTOP1

32
Q

What is OTOP1?

A

A H+-gated ion channel, entry of H+ into the cell causes depolarization

33
Q

What are 2 possible modes of tasting carbonation?

A
  1. Activates mechanoreceptors in taste cells
  2. Carbon dioxide of sparkling water interacts with water to make bicarbonate, releases H+ and activates OTOP1
34
Q

What is the sodium taste receptor? (Name of receptor)

A

ENaC

35
Q

Describe ENaC

A

Epithelial sodium channel: not very well understood – unknown mechanism

36
Q

ENaC is a (1)-sensitive ion channel

A

Amiloride

37
Q

ENaC allows the passage of (1) ions

A

Na+

38
Q

What are the 3 families of chemosensors in drosophila

A

Odorant receptors
Ionotropic receptors
Gustatory receptors

39
Q

Olfactory receptors in drosophila are present on this body part

A

Antennae

40
Q

Flies injest their food through this structure

A

Probiscis

41
Q

Where are the 3 locations drosophila have gustatory receptors?

A

Wings
Legs
Mouthparts

42
Q

Describe the labelled line model

A

Within a taste bud, different cells respond to a different taste modality

43
Q

Describe the across-fiber model

A

Every cell has taste receptors for different taste modalities

44
Q

Given that the GPCR taste modalities all use PLC and TRPM5, how is this evidence for the labelled line model?

A

Evidence because if they were in the same cell we would not be able to discriminate between bitter/sweet/umami

45
Q

What are the 2 pieces of evidence in support of the labelled line hypothesis

A
  1. Some pathways use the same downstream cascade but we can discriminate between them
  2. Sour receptors are found in different cells than sweet/umami/bitter
46
Q

Are sweet and umami expressed in the same cells?

A

No

47
Q

Why are TRCs arranged in that ball-like shape?

A

Not confirmed: but possible that this is for lateral inhibition

48
Q

Are human taste preferences innate?

A

Yes, but they can be affected by learning and memory

49
Q

How did they test the question that sweet perception was due to the receptors or the cell?

What receptor was used?

What was the result?

A

Express an exogenous, unrelated receptor in a sweet-responsive cell and see if the ligand for that receptor can activate sweet perception

Receptor: RASSL, ligand: spiradoline

Preference for spiradoline water: seems to mediate sweet response! Therefore the cell is dependent on the response: even more evidence for the labelled line theory! Did the same for bitter cells and found spiradoline mediated avoidance

Biology 404 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions