Gupta paper

Question 1

Institutions

Answer 1

Roles, rules and strategies of society

Question 2

What arguments for global water governance

Answer 2

1. There is only one hydrological system
2. GEC is a global phenomenon
3. GEC cannot be controlled only at lower administritive levels
4. Cummulative outcomes of local phenomena create global problems
5. Direct and indirect impactsof water management will be global

Question 3

Principle of subsidiarity

Answer 3

The general aim of the principle of subsidiarity is to guarantee a degree of independence for a lower authority in relation to a higher body or for a local authority in relation to central government.

Question 4

Describe water challenges in relation to its four ecosystem services

Answer 4

1. Suporting (nutrient cycling)
2. Provisioning for productive, consumptive, and nonconsumptive uses
3. Regulating (water purification)
4. Culture (aethetic)

Question 5

Water-related ecosystem services: Direct drivers

Answer 5

1. Infrastructure construction on water (dikes, dams, levees, diversions)
2. Water use (fishing, transport, agriculture)
3. Land-use change (draining wetlands and deforestation)
4. Pollution (waste discharge and introduction of exotic species)

Question 6

Water-related ecosystem services: Indirect drivers

Answer 6

1. Climate change variability
2. Demography
3. Economy
4. Infrastructure
5. Technology

Question 7

What determines how society uses its water and which services it prioritizes?

Answer 7

The policy context: Includes geographic location, physical availability of water, and relevant socioeconomic, issues, and policies (norms, principles, paradigms)

Question 8

What water issues do local authorities and communities better deal with? Why?

Answer 8

1 Local access issues
2. Local vertocborne diseases
3. Local demand

Why:
local people are more competent in dealing with their own problems than those from other levels of governance

Question 9

What water issues do national authorities better deal with? Why?

Answer 9

National and transboundary resource management

Question 10

What water issues are best dealt with at a global level?

Answer 10

1. Creation of common norms for water management
2. Deal with globals drivers
3. Ensure system-wide coherence of policy
4. Enhance effectivess of policy measures

Question 11

Why do multilevel goverance scholars argue that governance dispersion is superior to state monopoly?

Answer 11

1. It internalizes externalities
2. Allows for local heterogenity, preferences, and jurisdictional competition
3. Creates a credible policy culture with innovation and experimentation

Question 12

What do common pool resource scholars argue?

Answer 12

That decentralization and local self-regulation need to be complemented by insitutional arrangements operating at other governance scales.

Question 13

Politically, water is:

Answer 13

A. A low-politics issue
B. A high-politics issue
C. Both

Question 14

What is meant with GWG is a “mobius-web” system?

Answer 14

It is characterized by bottom-up, top-down, and side-by-side governance and by networked and hierarchical interactions including many actors

Question 15

Reasons for scaling down water

Answer 15

To enhance undrstanding to improve effectiveness of action

E.g.
-To build oon existing local and community institutions
-To avoid responsibility for harm caused elsewhere
-To prioritize naitonal water interests over river basin interests

Question 16

What are the 3 trends in global water architecture

Answer 16

1. Using the existing network of water treaties between states, global water law, and regional conventions adopted in 1992 and 1999 to develop a comprehensive framework
2. Shift from regimes that are treaty based and state-consent oriented to administrative law and autonomous processes
3. Public-private mergers as part of the neoliberal trend