GUI Elements Locators

Question 1

find_element_ (return a single WebElement) or find_elements_ (return a list of WebElements) methods:

Answer 1

by_id (id_)
by_class_name (name)
by_tag_name (name)
by_xpath (xpath)
by_css_selector (css_selector)

Question 2

W3C DOM Definition

Answer 2

A platform and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a document.

Question 3

What it is included in the DOM definition of web elements?

Answer 3

• HTML elements as objects
• The properties of all HTML elements
• The methods that can be used to access all HTML elements
• The events that affect all HTML elements

Question 4

CODE: Locate by ID

Answer 4

element = driver.find_element_by_id(‘the_id’)

Question 5

CODE: Locate by Class

Answer 5

element = driver.find_element_by_class_name(‘the_class’)

Question 6

CODE: Locate by Tag

Answer 6

element = driver.find_element_by_tag_name(‘h2’)

Question 7

Two methods to identify the WebElement by the link text (an anchor tag which contains text that will be highlighted for a user to click on):

Answer 7

element = driver.find_element_by_link_text(‘Click the link’)

element = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(‘Click’)

Question 8

CODE: Using XPath Location

Answer 8

element = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//form[@id=’sample’]/input[2]’)

Question 9

CODE: Identifying WebElement via CSS Selector

Answer 9

driver.find_element_by_css_selector(‘p.paragraph’)

Question 10

predefined classes that do not simply determine if an element exists, but also check for a specific state for that element to be in.

Answer 10

expected_conditions module from selenium.webdriver.support

Question 11

For test automation, what are the reasons do we have to know more information (its current visibility, whether it is enabled or not, or whether it is selected or not) about the elements in a webpage?

Answer 11

• Ensure the state is as expected at a given point in the test
• Make sure a control is in a state that it can be manipulated as needed in the test case (i.e., enabled)
• Make sure that after the control was manipulated, it is now in the expected state
• Make sure that the expected results are correct after a test is run

Question 12

get_attribute()

Answer 12

Gets property. If no property by that name, gets attribute of that name. If neither, returns None

Question 13

get_property()

Answer 13

Gets property.

Question 14

is_displayed()

Answer 14

Returns true if visible to user

Question 15

is_enabled()

Answer 15

returns true if element is enabled

Question 16

is_selected()

Answer 16

Returns X,Y location on the renderable canvas

Question 17

size

Answer 17

Returns the Height and Width of the element

Question 18

tag_name

Answer 18

Returns the tag_name of the element

Question 19

text

Answer 19

Returns the text associated with the element

Question 20

CODE: clear input control

Answer 20

Element.clear()

Question 21

CODE: Type into an input control

Answer 21

Element.send_keys(“this is the typed text”)

Question 22

CODE: wait to ensure that an element it is ready to be clicked

Answer 22

Driver.support.expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable(locator)

Question 23

CODE: Click on WebElement

Answer 23

Element.click()

Question 24

Selection options in Select Control:

Answer 24

• Search through the HTML to find the item desired and then click on it
• Select by an item value (select_by_value(value))
• Select all items that display matching text (select_by_visible_text(text))
• Select an item by index (select_by_index(index))

Question 25

Deselection options in Select Control:

Answer 25

• Deselect all items (deselect_all())
• Deselect by index (deselect_by_index(index))
• Deselect by value (deselect_by_value(value))
• Deselect by visible text (deselect_by_visible_text(text))

Question 26

options that allows to see what has been selected in a Select Control:

Answer 26

• Return a list of all selected items (all_selected_options)
• Return the first selected (or only if a single select control) (first_selected_option)
• See a list of all the options in the list (options)

Question 27

What is a dialog box:

Answer 27

a box that pops up over a browser window and does not allow access to the underlying window until it has been handled

Question 28

What are user prompts?

Answer 28

modal windows requiring users to interact with them before the user can continue to interact with the controls in the browser window itself.

Question 29

Three different alert-type dialogs defined by W3C:

Answer 29

• Alert
• Confirm
• Prompt

Question 30

When the “unexpected alert open” error could be returned by a script action?

Answer 30

When the script tries to ignore a prompt and continue sending commands to the browser window itself

Question 31

Hows the alert dialog box is often used?

Answer 31

to make sure that the user is made aware of some meaningful information.

Question 32

Why alert boxes require special handling?

Answer 32

alert dialog boxes are not actually a part of the web page

Question 33

CODE: Create an Alert Object

Answer 33

driver.switch_to.alert

Question 34

What are the two ways in that Alert dialogs may be closed?

Answer 34

# first Create an Alert Object
# then

A)
alert.accept()
# B)
alert.dismiss()