GU Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the UTI treatment in pregnancy?

A

nitrofurantonin 100 mg BID x 7 days

or amoxicillin 500 mg bid x 5-7 days

or cephalexin 500 mg bid x 3-7 days

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2
Q

Who should you treat with asymptomatic bacteriuria?

A

pregnant women, before a urologic procedure or young children where high incidence of vesicoureteral reflux

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3
Q

Why is it important to treat bacteriuria in pregnancy?

A

associated with premature births

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4
Q

What is pphx for recurrent UTI?

A
TMP/SMX 40/200 QD or 3/wk
or
Trimethoprin 100 QD
or
Nitrofurantonin 100 QD
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5
Q

What is tx for cystitis?

A

Nitrofurantonin 100 po bid x 5days
or
TMP/SMP 160/800 mg po bid x 3days

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6
Q

What is tc of pyelonephritis?

A

Cipro 500 mg BID x 7 d (or 1000 mg ER QD)
or
Levofloxacin 750 QD x 5 d
or
TMP/SMX DS BIS x 14d (if pathogen is susceptible)

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7
Q

What is tx for prostatitis?

A

TMP/SMX DS BID x 6 wk
or
Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID x 6 wk

If chlamydia: ceftriazone plus azithromycin

NSAIDs for pain

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8
Q

What is tx for volume oberload?

A
Treatment of underlying condition 
Restrict sodium intake
Diuretics( increase natriuresis)
Inhibitors of RAAS (Renin inhibitor, ACEI, ARB, Aldosterone antagonist) for CHF
Restrict water if hyponatremic
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9
Q

What is fn of alpha blockers in nephrolithiasis treatment?

A

relax smooth muscle and decrease intraureteral pressure

stone explusion 3 days shorter than with standard therapy

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10
Q

What are SE of alpha receptor blockers?

A

dizziness, ppostural hypotension, HA, palpitation

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11
Q

What are contraindications to kidney stone removal?

A

active, untreated UTI, uncorrected bleeding diathesis, pregnancy

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12
Q

What is shockwave lithotripsy?

A

least invasive tx for kidney stones that uses high energy sound waves to shatter the stone into passable fragments

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13
Q

What is shockwave lithotripsy contraindicated for?

A

pregnancy and untreatable bleeding d/o

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14
Q

What is shockwave lithotripsy useful for?

A

smaller stones <2 cm and lodged in upper or middle calyx

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15
Q

What is uteroscopy useful for?

A

stones 1-2 cm and lodged in lower calyx or below (must palce stent after due ti spasm & edema)

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16
Q

What is percutaneous nephrostolithomy used for?

A

nephrolithiasis to allow fragments and removal or large calculi from kidney and ureter
good for stones >2 cm

17
Q

What is MOA of anticholinergic agents in urinary incontinence?

A

inhibit binding of acetylcholine to the cholinergic receptor, and suppress involuntary bladder contraction of any etiology

18
Q

What is MOA of antispasmodics agents in urinary incontinence?

A

relax the smooth muscles of the urinary bladder and increase bladder capacity and decrease urge incontinence

19
Q

What is MOA of TCA in urinary incontinence?

A

exhibit anticholinergic

and direct muscle relaxant effect on the urinary bladder

20
Q

What is NS used to treat?

A

low volume and hypotensipon

21
Q

What are SE of NS?

A

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis if LT use

22
Q

What conditions are hypertonic solutions used to correct?

A

hyponatremia and cerebral edema

23
Q

What is bicarb drip used to correct?

A

acidosis

24
Q

What is colloid solution used for?

A

volume replacement

25
Q

What is the tx for hyperkalemia if ECG changes are present?

A
calcium gluconate
sodium bicarb
glucose
albuterol nebulizer
NS
K+ exchange
Hemodialysis
26
Q

What are indications for dialysis with AKI?

A

Refractory fluid overload: not responsive to diuretics
Hyperkalemia (>6.5 meq/L) or ECG changes or rapidly
rising potassium levels
Signs of uremia, such as pericarditis, neuropathy, or an otherwise unexplained decline in mental status
Metabolic acidosis which not corrected with bicarbonate therapy or when bicarbonate therapy can not be done due to fluid overload
Certain alcohol and drug intoxications

27
Q

What are complications of dialysis?

A
Dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome
Dialyzer reactions
Hypotension
Cramps
Hemolysis
Arrhythmias
Air embolism
Infections