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Clin Med Comprehensive > GU Diseases > Flashcards

GU Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is clinical presentation of nephritic syndrome?

A

hematuria with dysmorphic RBC
proteinuria
RBC casts, granular casts, pyuria
edema, HTN renal insufficiency, oliguria

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2
Q

What is clinical presentation of nephrotic syndrome?

A

proteinuria >3.5/day
hypopalbuminemia
hyperlipidemia, lipiduria
Edema

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3
Q

What is clinical presentation of RPGN?

A

acute nephritis and AKI leading to ESRD in weeks to mo

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4
Q

What are major uropathogens?

A

E. coli, entero, staphlycoccus

hospital acquired- klebsiella pneumonia, proteus mirabilia, pseudomonas

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5
Q

What population is most likely to get UTI from S. epidermidis?

A

Men >50 y, hospital pts, complicated UTI, likely asymptomatic with MDR

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6
Q

What population is most likely to get UTI from S. saprophyticus?

A

women 16-35 y, healtyh outpatient, normal urinary tract, mostly symptomatic, rare for relapse

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7
Q

What are WBC casts diagnostic of?

A

upper tract infection

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8
Q

What is abnormal WBC count in urine?

A

> 10

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9
Q

What is absence of pyuria strongly suggestive of?

A

non-infectious cause

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10
Q

What constitutes a complicated UTI?

A

functional, anatomic or metabolic abnormality affection the urinary tract or a hx of MDR or pyelonephritis

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11
Q

What is clinical presentation of UTI?

A

<2y: fever, vomiting, failure to thrive

elderly: fever, Δ in mental status

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12
Q

What is clinical presentation of cystitis?

A

Dysuria, urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain

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13
Q

What is clinical presentation of pyelonephritis?

A

Fever, dysuria, urgency, frequency, flank pain

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14
Q

What is clinical presentation of acute prostatitis?

A

High fever, chills, perineal & back pain, UTI sx

Warm, swollen and tender prostate

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15
Q

What is clinical presentation of chronic prostatits?

A

Asymptomatic to perineal discomfort
Low back pain
Dysuria
Normal-mild tenderness

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16
Q

What are RF for calcium nephrolithiasis?

A

hypercalciuria (normal serum Ca but increased urine Ca)

hypocituria (calcium normally binds to this)

17
Q

What are RF for uric acid calculi?

A

increased urine acidity

18
Q

When would you see Mg Ammonium phosphate calculi?

A

in the presence of UTI caused by urea splitting bacteria (proteus, klbesiella)

19
Q

What is the MC site of urinary obstruction lodgement?

A

uretrovesical junction

20
Q

How large does a calculus have to be to become lodged?

A

> 5mm

21
Q

What is the gold standard to diagnose kidney stones?

A

Non-contrast CT scan

22
Q

What drugs can cause urinary incontience?

A

anticholinergic, APS, antidepressants, alpha adrenergic agonist, alpha antagonist, Diuretics, CCB, SCEI, antiparkinsons

23
Q

What is diagnostic criteria for ADPCKD?

A

2 cysts <30y, 2 cysts on 1 kidney 31-40, 4 cysts 1 kidney >60

Clin Med Comprehensive (9 decks)

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