GU Systems Histology (lecture)

Question 1

What are the functions of the kidney?

Answer 1

1. remove waste from blood and excrete as urine
2. regulate electrolytes
3. produce hormones (renin & erythropoietin)
4. regulates plasma volume and blood pressure
5. Converts vitamin D precursor into active form

Question 2

T or F: The collecting duct is not part of the nephron

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What parts of the nephron tubule is the proximal thick segment composed of?

Answer 3

• The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

- the proximal straight tubule (PST)

Question 4

What parts of the nephron tubules is the distal thick segment composed of?

Answer 4

• medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL)
• cortical thick ascending limb (CTAL)
  (macula densa)
• distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
• connecting segment

Question 5

What is the loop of Henle made of?

Answer 5

• proximal straight tubule
• the think limb
• medullary thick ascending limb

Question 6

What is the most distal part of the collecting duct?

Answer 6

Duct of Bellini

- located in the renal papilla

Question 7

What is the layer of connective tissue that surround the nephrons, ducts, blood and lymph vessels?

Answer 7

The interstitium

Question 8

What type of cells are in the cortex of the interstitium?

Answer 8

Fibroblasts and macrophages

Question 9

What type of cells are in the medulla of the interstitium?

Answer 9

Myofibroclasts

Question 10

What surrounds the glomerulus?

Answer 10

Bowman’s capsule

• contains two layers
  1. visceral - adheres to the capillary tufts of glomerulus
  2. parietal - outer wall

Question 11

Where is the urinary space?

Answer 11

Between the two layers of Bowman’s capsule

Question 12

What are the functions of mesangial cells? Where are they located?

Answer 12

functions: Phagocytose debris, structural support, secrete substances (Interleukin I)

Question 13

What is Interleukin I?

Answer 13

A platlet derived growth factor for repair of the glomerulus

Question 14

What are the different types of nephrons?

Answer 14

1. Cortical
2. Juxtamedullary
3. Intermediate

Question 15

Which nephron contains long loops of Henle?

Answer 15

Juxtamedullary

Question 16

Which nephrons have short loops of Henle?

Answer 16

The cortical nephrons

Question 17

What are the two subdivisions of the nephron’s cortex?

Answer 17

Cortical labyrinths and medullary rays

Question 18

What makes of a lobule of a nephron?

Answer 18

A medullary ray and the adjacent one-half of neighboring labyrinths

Question 19

What is the order of blood flow into and out of the kidney?

Answer 19

Renal a. 
Lobar a.
interlobar a.
arcuate a.
interlobar a.
afferent arteriole
glomerulus 
efferent arteriole
then peritubular capillaries or arteriole rectae

Question 20

What type of nephron are arteriole rectae located?

Answer 20

Justamedullary nephrons

Question 21

What type of nephron are peritubular nephrons located?

Answer 21

Cortical nephrons