GU System Flashcards
What is cystitis?
An inflammatory condition of the bladder that can be caused by infection or non-infectious factors.
What are common causes of noninfectious cystitis?
- Drugs
- Chemicals
- Irritants
- Long-term catheter use
- Complications from Crohn’s, lupus, or gynecologic cancers
Define bacteriuria.
Bacteria in the urine.
What is a CAUTI?
Catheter associated urinary tract infection.
What are hallmark symptoms of cystitis?
- Frequency
- Dysuria
- Urgency
What is urosepsis?
The spread of infection from the urinary tract to the bloodstream.
What does urinalysis (UA) typically show in a UTI?
- Positive leukocyte esterase
- Positive nitrate
- Positive WBC
- Positive RBC
- Positive casts
What is urethritis?
Inflammation of the urethra, which can be infectious or noninfectious.
What is urolithiasis?
Presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract.
What is nephrolithiasis?
Stone in the kidney.
What is the most common symptom of renal colic?
Sudden unbearable pain.
What type of dietary intervention is needed for calcium oxalate stones?
- Avoid oxalate-rich foods (spinach, black tea)
- Decrease sodium intake
What is the primary focus of assessments for urolithiasis?
Assess for bladder distention and vital signs.
What is pyelonephritis?
A bacterial infection that starts in the bladder and moves upward to infect the kidneys.
What are the clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis?
- Fever
- Chills
- Flank pain
- CVA tenderness
- N/V
What lab values are significant in diagnosing acute glomerulonephritis?
- Positive RBCs and protein in UA
- Elevated BUN/Cr
- Decreased albumin
What are the clinical manifestations of chronic glomerulonephritis?
- Mild proteinuria
- Hematuria
- Hypertension
- Fatigue
What is the expected outcome of managing acute glomerulonephritis?
Prevent complications such as fluid overload and hypertension.
How can chronic kidney disease be prevented in patients with pyelonephritis?
- Complete prescribed antibiotics
- Control blood pressure
- Maintain nutrition and fluids
What medications are used for urinary problems?
- Sulfonamides
- Trimethoprim
- Nitrofurantoin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Phenazopyridine
Fill in the blank: The hallmark symptoms of cystitis include frequency, dysuria, and _______.
urgency
True or False: Chronic glomerulonephritis develops suddenly.
False
What should be assessed for fluid overload in acute glomerulonephritis?
- Edema
- Pulmonary edema
- Shortness of breath
- Crackles
- Elevated BP
