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AMBOSS (BA) > GU-Surgery > Flashcards

GU-Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Gross hematuria in the absence of RBC casts indicates

A

non-glomerular disease

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2
Q

red urine, smoker, flushed face, no RBC casts, hypertension and headache

A

Renal cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Polycythemia and hypertension with RCC indicates

A

paraneoplastic syndrome

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4
Q

1st line of tx for pt with urinary stones in the middle or distal ureter >10mm

A

ureterorenoscopy with stone removal

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5
Q

1st line of tx for pt with urinary stones <10mm

A

Observation for spontaneous pass

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6
Q

The most common cause of Urinary track obstruction in male newborns?

A

posterior urethral valves

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7
Q

Urosepsis, palpable bladder, history of oligohydramniosis, in a male newborn. Dx? Tx?

A
  • Posterior urethral valve

- Ablation of urethral valve

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8
Q

1st line of treatment for BPH?

A

alpha-blockers (Terazosin, Tamsulosin, doxazosin)

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9
Q

Adjunctive treatment for BPH

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitors (Finasteride therapy)

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10
Q

name 4 features of kidney dysfunction

A
  • Fatigue
  • anemia
  • Uremia
  • elevated creatinine
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11
Q

Pt in long-term use of NSAID and aspirin-caffeine causes analgesic nephropathy due to

A

inhibition of prostacyclin production - shrunken kidneys with irregular contours and capillary calcifications

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12
Q

Initial hematuria, cleared by the end of the stream is

A

hematuria from urethral origin (or prostate)

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13
Q

The tx of choice for castration-resistance prostate cancer with localized skeletal metastasis

A

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT)

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14
Q

Indicated to rapidly decompress the renal collecting system to prevent permanent kidney injury from urinary tract obstruction

A

percutaneous nephrostomy

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15
Q

indicated for emphysematous pyelonephritis and acute renal failure or septic shock

A

nephrectomy

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16
Q

treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer without positive lymph nodes or distal metastasis

A

Radical cystectomy

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17
Q

treatment for low grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

A

Transurethral resection of tumor with intravesical chemotherapy (TURBT)

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18
Q

Predisposing factors to acute urinary retention (AUR)(3)

A

BPH
Constipation
amitriptyline intake

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19
Q

Acute kidney injury (AKI) that is post renal can be ruled out by

A

ultrasonography

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20
Q

Best test to diagnose posterior urethral valves (PUV)

A

Voiding cystourethrogram

21
Q

respiratory distress, potter facies, limb anomalies, and oligohydramnios before birth is

A

potter sequence

22
Q

best step in a hemodynamically stable pt with suspected renal trauma

A

CT imaging with contrast

23
Q

Best imaging test for evaluating urethral injuries

A

Retrograde urethrogram

24
Q

US in young pt shows a solitary, round, sharply demarcated, hypo echoic lesion in there renal parenchyma with a strong posterior wall echo. Dx? NSIM?

A
  • Simple renal cyst

- No treatment, reassurance

25
Q

HTN difficult to control
hypokalemia
Cr>30% after ACE inhibitor

A

Renal artery stenosis

26
Q

Flank pain following ingestion of diuresis-inducing beverages

A

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (mild form in adult, sever in childhood)

27
Q

Previous UTI, slow abx therapy response, poor urine flow, flank or suprapubic mass, high Cr. U/S hydronephrosis, ureteric dilation or renal scarring in child 2-24months. Dx? Testing?

A

Vericoureteral reflux, Voiding cystourethrography

28
Q

19F, renal bruit and hypertension, Dx? NSIM?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia causing renal artery stenosis ,

ACE inhibitor & Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with out stent placement

29
Q

Treatment for renal artery stenosis due to atherosclerotic disease

A

Precutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent placement

30
Q

increased rate of pyelonephritis and retrograde flow of urine in vesicoureteral reflux risk to

A

renal scarring

31
Q

Lower abd pain, palpable lower abd mass due to distention of urinary bladder, hx of BPH, post-op

A

Bladder outlet obstruction

32
Q

headache, lightheadedness, tinnitus in young women with high bp and concurrent cervical and abd bruits, DX? Lab value

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia, elevated renin level

33
Q

the definitive treatment of hyperkalemia in Chronic renal failure patient

A

Hemodialysis

34
Q

The most common cause of bladder outflow obstruction and acute urinary retention

A

BPH

35
Q

abd mass felt in a child <2 yo irregular abd mass that often crosses the midline and associated with constitutional symptoms

A

Neuroblastoma

36
Q

Older than 2 yo non-tender abd mass that does not cross midline, smooth surface, mostly incidental finding, but may present with abd pain & hypertension

A

Wilms’ tumor

37
Q

Preferred test to diagnose bladder rupture

A

Retrograde cystography

38
Q

Gross hematuria with pelvic fracture in trauma indicates

A

Traumatic bladder rupture

39
Q

Hematuria with pain and hematoma over the flank in trauma indicates. Dx? testing?

A

Renal injury, Intravenous pyelography

40
Q

First line of surgical procedure for stress incontinence after conservative therapy (pelvic floor muscle exercises/kegel)?

A

Urethral sling

41
Q

Gold standard surgical procedure for strep incontinence after conservative therapy who also have pelvic organ prolapse

A

Urethropexy

42
Q

Pt with urolithiasis a low urine pH is characteristic for

A

calcium oxalate, uric acid, or cystine stones

43
Q

Pt with nephrolithiasis, foley catheter got UTI, UA with alkaline urine pH. organism?

A

Proteus mirabilis

44
Q

Pt with foley catheter got UTI, normal urine pH, no nephrolithiasis, Organism?

A

E-Coli

45
Q

What should be performed in all febrile children with confirmed UTI between 2-24months ? Reason?

A

Renal and bladder ultrasound (RBUS), because it can detect anatomical abnormalities & vesicoureteral reflux

46
Q

What procedure can not be performed with active UTI

A

Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

47
Q

Pt >35yo or with risk factor for urothelial malignancy should undergo ______ to evaluate the lower urinary tract and ______ to evaluate the upper urinary tract

A

Cystoscopy

CT Urography

48
Q

Pt with blunt abd trauma with microscopic hematuria, stable. NSIM?

A

observation and follow up

AMBOSS (BA) (9 decks)

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