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AMBOSS (BA) > CV-Surgery > Flashcards

CV-Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

treatment for Venous Thromboembolism & PE in pt with normal kidney function

A

Low molecular weight heparin therapy

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2
Q

What is the wells score for pt with severe chest pain and dyspnea

  1. HR>100
  2. Hx of surgery 4 weeks ago
  3. malignancy
  4. no diagnosis that better explains symptoms
A

1) 1.5
2) 1.5
3) 1
4) 3
Total is 7 (wells score)- making PE likely diagnosis

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3
Q

opening snap and diastolic murmur along with atrial fibrillation

A

Mitral stenosis

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4
Q

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), diagnostic? Tx?

A
  • Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

- Graded exercise therapy

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5
Q

Acute Limb ischemia Diagnostic & tx?

A
  • Duplex sonography

- Vascular bypass surgery

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6
Q

Abrupt standing or Valsalva maneuver causes the murmur to occur earlier during systole and with an increased intensity. What is the defect?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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7
Q

High-frequency, mid-to-late systolic murmur heard best at the apex

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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8
Q

most common valvular abnormality in the US and is usually asymptomatic

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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9
Q

hx of atherosclerotic disease, pulmonary edema, JVD, and cold, clammy skin

A

Cardiogenic shock

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10
Q

Best choice to diagnose DVT

A

Compression ultrasonography

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11
Q

A child with easy fatigability, HTN, low-grade systolic ejection murmur, low extremity claudication and diminished pulses in LE. Dx?

A

coarctation of the aorta;

>5yo will have rib notching

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12
Q

leg pain, paleness, pulse deficit, paralysis, paresthesia, and poikilothermia. Dx? NSIM?

A
  • Acute limb ischemia

- Digital subtraction angiography

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13
Q

S2 is widely split and does not vary with respiration and mid-diastolic murmur along the lower left sternal border

A
  • Atrial septal defect

- Murmur due to increased flow across the tricuspid valve

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14
Q

IV user with fever, leukocyte, Roth spots, and Tricuspid valve regurgitation and vegetations

A

infective endocarditis

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15
Q

Infective endocarditis common bacteria and abx used for not confirmed & confirmed (after blood culture)?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

  • IV vancomycin (empiric for not confirmed)
  • IV nafcillin (confirmed)
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16
Q

MVA, hypotension, tachycardia refractive to fluid resuscitation & vasopressors, combined with A-fb, negative FAST

A

Cardiac contusion causing cardiogenic shock

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17
Q

The most common finding following cardiac and noncardiac surgery

A

arrhythmia- evident in PVC’s (eg. hypokalemia)

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18
Q

cyanotic neonate, imperforated AV septum on the right side, left-axis deviation

A

Tricuspid valve atresia

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19
Q

older female a waitress and smoker with dilated tortuous veins over both calves with multiple excoriation marks. Dx? NSIM?

A

Varicose veins- Chronic venous disease

Duplex ultrasonography

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20
Q

The predamaged heart valve is a risk of infection with

A

viridian streptococci (Gram + )

21
Q

Hospitalized pt with the peripheral venous catheter placed with infection, risk with

A

Staph epidermidis (form biofilm)

22
Q

Pain and swelling on R calf and positive Homan’s sign on 4 days post craniotomy pt. Dx? NSIM?

A

DVT, place Inferior vena cava filter

23
Q

Dorsiflexion of the right foot causing server pain in the calf

A

positive Homan’s sign

24
Q

Pain and swelling on R calf and positive Homan’s sign Dx? NSIM?

A

DVT. Unfractionated heparin therapy

25
Q

Widened mediastinum, deviation of the esophagus, and depression of the left main-stem bronchus, as well as hemothorax, is

A

ruptured blood vessel (thoracic aorta)

26
Q

Treatment of choice for many cases of symptomatic mitral stenosis

A

Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy

27
Q

lack of chest pain, history of rheumatic heart disease, low -pitched diastolic murmur with an opening snap and left atrial enlargement of x-ray. Dx?NSIM?

A

-Mitral valve stenosis
-Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy
or mitral valve replacement (if not candidate for less invasive)

28
Q

For preoperative risk stratification in a patient with cardiovascular risk

A

Radionuclide scan- myocardial perfusion imaging

-used when pt exercising or if unable to exercise, drug-like dipyridamole can be used)

29
Q

Criteria used to indicate endocarditis

A

Duke criteria

30
Q

Widened pulse pressure and early diastolic blowing murmur

A

Aortic regurgitation

31
Q

IV drug user, fever, chills, leukocytosis, Aortic regurgitation, S3 gallop and pulmonary edema. Dx?NSIM and tx?

A
  • Left-sided heart failure due to infective endocarditis
  • TTE (echo)
  • Mechanical valve replacement of the aortic valve
32
Q

Postinverventional pulsatile groin mass with bruit and echolucent sac on us. Dx? NSIM?

A
  • Femoral artery pseudoaneursym

- Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection

33
Q

Tx for pseudoaneurysm that shows infection, cuase compressive symptoms (limb ischemia or neuropathy), expand rapidly, or could not be repaired

A

Surgical repair

34
Q

will initaiate rapid formation of a fibrin clot to stop blood flow into aneursym

A

US-guided thrombin injection

35
Q

Diagnostic used for possible acute aortic dissection/rupture with normal kidney function pt

A

contrast-enhanced CT angiography

36
Q

Diagnostic used for possible acute aortic dissection with abnormal kidney function pt

A

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

37
Q

Syncope, orthostatic hypotension, low pitched rumbling mid-diastolic murmur over the apex, plopping sound,

A

obstruction of blood flow to the Left ventricle (cardiac myxomas)

38
Q

Dizziness, syncope with harsh crescendo-decrescendo late systolic ejection murmur heard over the 2nd right intercostal space

A

Aortic valve stenosis

39
Q

Pt with mechanical valve on warfarin plan for colon surgery in 5 days. Plan for anticoagulation?

A
  • Stop warfarin now
  • Start LMWH (Dalteparin) in 2 days
  • Discontinue Dalteparin 24hr before surgery
40
Q

Pt with threatened lower extremity acute arterial occlusion due to A-fib is given heparin therapy and NSIM?

A

Ballon catheter embolectomy

41
Q

Acute arterial occlusion what NSIM

A

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

42
Q

5 weeks old, SOB, noisy breathing, regurgitation of his feeds, x-ray show anterior tracheal bowing and narrowing. Dx? NSIM?

A
  • Vascular ring

- Surgical division of a vascular ring

43
Q

Health child, with Split S2 during inspiration. DX?NSIM?

A 
Patent foramen ovale 
no intervention (unless >2.5 cm that needs surgical closure)
44
Q

Number 1 risk factor for rupture of an active abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

smoking

45
Q

severe abd pain, leukocytosis, elevated lactate & lactate dehydrogenase, A-fib suggest dx?NSIM?

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia

Balloon angioplasty and stenting

46
Q

Post femoral artery catheterization with limb ischemia, venous dilation, limb edema. Dx?

A

Femoral AV fistula -due to accedental puncture of femoral vein

47
Q

Post femoral artery catheterization with pain in the groin, a pulsatile mass, a systolic bruit over the swelling. Dx?

A

Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm

48
Q

Multiple cv diseases, erectile dysfunction and symptoms of intermittent claudication. Dx?

A

Leriche’s syndrome (aortoiliac disease) is PAD- occlusion of either the bilateral iliac arteries or the aortic bifurcation

AMBOSS (BA) (9 decks)

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