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diagnostics Exam 3 > GU section > Flashcards

GU section Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The USPSTF recommends colorectal cancer screening for adults starting at age:
    A. 40 years
    B. 45 years
    C. 50 years
    D. 55 years
A

B. 45 years

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2
Q

What distinguishes a malignant prostate tumor from BPH?
A. Symmetry and soft texture
B. Asymmetry and hard irregular nodule
C. Increased PSA levels only
D. Decreased PSA levels

A

B. Asymmetry and hard irregular nodule

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3
Q

Mammography recommendation by The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that:
A. women aged 40 or older (45 to 54) should have a mammogram every year/ 1 to 2 years
B. Only perform a breast self-exam.
C. Start considering mammography.
D. Undergo a digital breast tomosynthesis annually.

A

A. women aged 40 or older (45 to 54) should have a mammogram every year/1 to 2 years

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4
Q

Breast Tissue Types

A

granular, fibrous and adipose

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5
Q

Granular breast tissues

A

Consists of 15–20 lobes arranged in a circle embedded in the adipose (fatty) tissue

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6
Q

Mammography recommendation for women 75 and older

A

Women 75 and older Current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits of harms of screening mammography in this age population.

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7
Q

adipose breast tissue

A

The fatty tissue and subcutaneous and retromammary fat give the breasts size and shape

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8
Q

Past Medical History of Women to focus on

A

Menstrual history
*Presence of recurring genitourinary problems
* Sexual activity
* Pregnancies (gravida, para)
* Past health conditions or surgeries
*Last gynecological examination

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9
Q

Fibrous breast tissue

A

Cooper’s ligament *Start at the skin and extend through the breasts; attach to the deep muscle fascia of the chest wall

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10
Q

Normal prostate

A

Heart, walnut-shaped, approximately 2.5 × 4 cm
Smooth, rubbery
* Consistency of hard rubber ball
* With a palpable central groove (median sulcus)
* Does not protrude into the rectum more than 1 cm, Relationship of size

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11
Q

Pelvic pain

A

Related to: PID, UTI and Uterine Cancer

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12
Q

UTI

A

presents with pelvic pain with a burning sensation during urination.

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13
Q

what is the difference between a normal prostate and a malignant prostate, and BPH?

A

Malignancy/Cancer hard, firm, unilateral
Asymmetry, Hard, irregular nodule
BPH can be unilateral or most time is, bilateral  medium sulcus is lost,
Symmetrically enlarged Soft

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14
Q

malignant prostate

A

Malignancy/Cancer hard, firm, unilateral
Asymmetry, Hard, irregular nodule

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15
Q

BPH is characterized by

A

BPH can be unilateral or most time is, bilateral  medium sulcus is lost,
Symmetrically enlarged Soft

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16
Q

Acute bacterial prostatitis is characterized by

A

milky white drainage
Symmetrical enlargement * Boggy, fluctuant * Tender
History: dysuria, frequency, nocturia, hematuria, fever and chills
Physical exam shows: the prostate is tender and swollen.
Diagnostics: urine culture, prostate secretion culture

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17
Q

Dysuria Associated with

A

Frequency or urgency
Vaginal discharge or pruritus
Fever, chills, nausea

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18
Q

Uterine Cancer

A

pain and bleeding

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19
Q

Bladder or kidney tumor

A

History: more common in men; dribbling, nocturia, low back pain, third leading cause of death
silent hematuria (bloody urine) is key
Physical exam shows: prostate protrusion into rectum, hard prostate.
Diagnostics: PSA and biopsy

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20
Q

characteristics of BHP

A

History: Hesitancy, slow urine stream, dribbling, nocturia
Physical exam shows: Prostate protrusion into rectum, median sulcus reduced, prostate boggy
Diagnostics: PSA

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21
Q

Bladder or kidney tumor

A

History: more common in men; dribbling, nocturia, low back pain, third leading cause of death
silent hematuria (bloody urine) is key
Physical exam shows prostate protrusion into rectum, hard prostate.
Diagnostics: PSA and biopsy

22
Q

Epididymitis

A

Feels like a rope.
History: sudden onset; dysuria, frequency, scrotal and testicular pain, fever, and nausea
Physical exam shows edema, redness, and tenderness of scrotum and epididymis.
Diagnostics: gram stain and culture; doppler blood flow studies with color

23
Q

Elevated PSA: how big is big? When do we start checking PSA?

A

Men who choose to be tested who have a PSA of less than 2.5 ng/mL may only need to be retested every two years
Screening should be done yearly for men whose PSA level is 2.5 ng/mL or higher.

24
Q

Glandular tissue in the breast is primarily responsible for:
A. Supporting the breast structure.
B. Producing and transporting milk.
C. Providing the breast shape.
D. Storing fat.

A

B. Producing and transporting milk.

25
Q

A fibroadenoma is best described as:
A. A cancerous tumor that spreads quickly.
B. A benign tumor that is hard and immobile.
C. A painful infection in the breast tissue.
D. A benign and mobile breast lump.

A

D. A benign and mobile breast lump.

26
Q

Adults aged 76–85 years

A

The USPSTF recommends against routine screening

27
Q

Risk Factors for Breast cancer requiring CBE.

A

Family history * First degree relative * Hormonal factors * Early menarche (before age 12) * Late menopause (after age 50) * Nulliparity (no childbirth) * First full-term pregnancy after age 30 * HRT (current: for more than four years) * Obesity in postmenopausal women

28
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Age: 15 to 55
Side: bilateral
Number: single to multiple
Palpation: round, firm, rubbery, mobile, nontender, well delineated
Retraction: None
Menstrual Correlation: No variation

29
Q

Fibrocystic breast disease

A

Fibrocystic breast disease
Age: 20 to 49
Side: bilateral
Number: single to multiple cysts
Palpation: Soft, to firm, mobile, tender, well delineated
Retraction: None
Menstrual Correlation: varies with menses

30
Q

Malignant Breast Tumor

A

Tumor
Age: 30 to 80
Side: unilateral
Number: single mass
Palpation: irregular, stellate, hard, stonelike, fixed, nontender, poorly delineated
Retraction: present
Menstrual Correlation: No variation

31
Q

Malignant breast tumors typically present as:
A. Soft, well-delineated, and mobile.
B. Hard, irregular, and fixed.
C. Bilateral with no pain.
D. Small, round nodules that are tender to touch.

A

B. Hard, irregular, and fixed

32
Q

A characteristic symptom of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) includes:
A. Nocturia
B. Hematuria
C. Dysuria without frequency
D. Acute abdominal pain

A

A. Nocturia

33
Q

The primary indication for screening with a PSA test is to detect:
A. Kidney stones
B. Urinary tract infections
C. Prostate cancer
D. Bladder cancer

A

C. Prostate cancer

34
Q

Fibrocystic breast disease is characterized by:
A. Clear-cut lumps that grow rapidly.
B. Painful, movable cysts that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle.
C. Hard, non-moving lumps that are unaffected by the menstrual cycle.
D. Absence of any physical symptoms.

A

B. Painful, movable cysts that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle.

35
Q

Adipose tissue in the breast:
A. Produces milk during lactation.
B. Is predominantly found in males.
C. Gives the breast its size and shape.
D. Contains the majority of the lymph nodes.

A

C. Gives the breast its size and shape.

36
Q

A key characteristic of malignant breast tumors is:
A. Symmetry between both breasts.
B. A stony hardness and irregular shape.
C. Mobility and tenderness upon touch.
D. Rapid decrease in size over time.

A

B. A stony hardness and irregular shape

37
Q

A fibroadenoma typically presents in women who are:
A. Postmenopausal
B. In their late 40s and early 50s
C. Between the ages of 15 and 35
D. Under the age of 10

A

C. Between the ages of 15 and 35

38
Q

. A diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disease usually requires:
A. Immediate surgical intervention.
B. Clinical examination and possibly an ultrasound.
C. Annual mammograms starting at diagnosis.
D. Chemotherapy as a precaution.

A

B. Clinical examination and possibly an ultrasound.

39
Q

A DRE is recommended for:
A. All men over 40 annually
B. Men at high risk for prostate cancer, based on individual risk factors
C. Women as part of routine gynecological exams
D. Adolescents during annual physical exams

A

B. Men at high risk for prostate cancer, based on individual risk factors

40
Q

The ACS criteria for breast cancer screening with mammography and CBE emphasize:
A. The importance of genetic testing over imaging
B. The role of patient preference in deciding the start age for screening
C. Screening should only begin after symptoms develop
D. Regular screenings for women starting at age 45 with consideration for annual or biennial intervals

A

D. Regular screenings for women starting at age 45 with consideration for annual or biennial intervals

41
Q

USPSTF guidelines for colorectal cancer suggest discontinuing routine screening because:
A. The risks outweigh the benefits in older adults
B. Most adults have a very low risk of developing colorectal cancer after age 85
C. Colonoscopies pose too high a risk for patients over 75
D. There is a high false-positive rate in screenings for adults over 85

A

A. The risks outweigh the benefits in older adults

42
Q

In diagnosing breast conditions, the distinction between fibroadenoma and malignant tumors is important because:
A. Both require the same treatment
B. They have identical presentations and risk factors
C. Fibroadenomas are always malignant
D. One is typically benign, while the other is malignant, affecting management strategies

A

D. One is typically benign, while the other is malignant, affecting management strategies

43
Q

USPSTF colorectal cancer screening for adults aged 76–85 is recommended:
A. For all individuals in this age group on an annual basis
B. Based on individual risk factors, prior screening history, and overall health
C. Only if the patient has a family history of colorectal cancer
D. As a mandatory screening for all adults regardless of health status

A

B. Based on individual risk factors, prior screening history, and overall health

44
Q

. ACS guidelines for initiating breast cancer screening emphasize:
A. The necessity of starting mammograms at age 30 for all women
B. Personal and familial risk factors as the basis for the timing of screenings
C. Universal genetic testing over imaging studies
D. That mammography is optional for women at any age

A

B. Personal and familial risk factors as the basis for the timing of screenings

45
Q

A patient with pyelonephritis would most likely present with:
A. CVA tenderness and fever
B. Lower abdominal pain and frequent urination
C. Irregular menstrual cycle
D. Scrotal edema and redness

A

A. CVA tenderness and fever

46
Q

Mammography recommendation for Women 50–74 and at moderate risk,

A

the recommendation is biennial screening

47
Q

Mammography recommendations for Women aged 60–69

A

are most likely to avoid breast cancer death through mammography

48
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

a bad kidney infection
History: Fever, chills, back pain, nausea, vomiting
Physical exam shows: Looks ill, CVA tenderness, abdomen may be tender
Diagnostics: Urine culture and sensitivity, blood cultures

49
Q

PID

A

presents with pain, bleeding, and discharge.

50
Q

Which symptom is most indicative of pyelonephritis?
A. Joint pain
B. Flank pain and fever
C. Constipation
D. Abdominal distension

A

B. Flank pain and fever

diagnostics Exam 3 (4 decks)

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