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diagnostics Exam 3 > Abdominal unit > Flashcards

Abdominal unit Flashcards

1
Q

Murphy’s sign is best described as:
A) Pain on palpation of the left lower quadrant that refers to the right lower quadrant.
B) A rash that appears in cases of acute appendicitis.
C) Pain and a sudden stop in inspiration when palpating the RUQ indicate acute cholecystitis.
D) Rebound tenderness in the RLQ indicative of appendicitis.

A

C) Pain and a sudden stop in inspiration when palpating the RUQ indicate acute cholecystitis.

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2
Q

Proper Sequence for Abdominal Exam
What is the correct sequence for conducting an abdominal examination?
A) Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
B) Inspection, auscultation, percussion of liver border and other organs, palpation
C) Auscultation, inspection, palpation, percussion
D) Palpation, percussion, auscultation, inspection

A

B) Inspection, auscultation, percussion of liver border and other organs, palpation

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3
Q

An AST to ALT ratio greater than 2:1 is most commonly associated with:
A) Acute viral hepatitis
B) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
C) Alcoholic liver disease
D) Cholecystitis

A

C) Alcoholic liver disease

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4
Q

Which of the following conditions is Cullen’s sign associated with?
A) Acute appendicitis
B) Acute pancreatitis
C) Hepatitis
D) Intestinal obstruction

A

B) Acute pancreatitis

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5
Q

Which of the following best indicates a recent infection with Hepatitis A virus (HAV)?
A) IgG anti-HAV
B) IgM anti-HAV
C) HBeAg
D) HBsAg

A

B) IgM anti-HAV

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6
Q

The presence of HBsAg in the serum of an individual indicates:
A) Past infection and immunity to hepatitis B.
B) Active infection with hepatitis B virus.
C) Successful vaccination against hepatitis B.
D) Recovery and clearance of the hepatitis B virus.

A

B) Active infection with hepatitis B virus

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7
Q

Significance of AST/ALT Ratio
An AST/ALT ratio greater than one typically suggests:
A) Acute pancreatitis
B) Hepatic congestion
C) Alcoholic liver disease
D) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

A

C) Alcoholic liver disease

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8
Q

A serology profile of HBsAg: Negative, HBsAB: Negative, HBcAB: Positive could indicate:
A. A false positive or a past resolved infection.
B. Natural immunity due to a past infection
C. Immunity by vaccination
D. Acute hepatitis B infection

A

A. A false positive or a past resolved infection

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9
Q

Murphy’s sign is specifically used to evaluate for:
A) Appendicitis
B) Cholecystitis
C) Pancreatitis
D) Diverticulitis

A

B) Cholecystitis

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10
Q

What do negative HBsAg, negative HBsAB, and negative HBcAB indicate about a person’s hepatitis B status?
A. Acute infection
B. Chronic infection
C. Susceptible to hepatitis B virus
D. Immunity by vaccination

A

C. Susceptible to hepatitis B virus

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11
Q

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the sudden onset of lower abdominal pain and a positive pregnancy test?
A) Cholecystitis
B) Ectopic pregnancy
C) Acute pancreatitis
D) Peptic ulcer disease

A

B) Ectopic pregnancy

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12
Q

What does the absence of HBsAg and the presence of HBsAB in a person’s serology indicate?
A. The person is currently infected with hepatitis B.
B. The person has never been exposed to hepatitis B.
C. The person has been vaccinated against hepatitis B.
D. The person has a chronic hepatitis B infection

A

C. The person has been vaccinated against hepatitis B.

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13
Q

McBurney’s point tenderness is most closely associated with:
A) Diverticulitis
B) Acute cholecystitis
C) Acute appendicitis
D) Ulcerative colitis

A

C) Acute appendicitis

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14
Q

If a person’s hepatitis serology shows HBsAg: Negative, HBsAB: Positive, HBcAB: Negative, what does it suggest?
A. Natural immunity to hepatitis B
B. Acute hepatitis B infection
C. Immunity by vaccination
D. Susceptible to hepatitis B virus

A

A. immunity by vaccination

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15
Q

Pancreatitis Diagnosis
Elevated serum levels of which of the following are most indicative of acute pancreatitis?
A) ALT
B) Amylase and Lipase
C) Bilirubin
D) Alkaline Phosphatase

A

B) Amylase and Lipase

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16
Q

If someone has never been vaccinated nor infected with HBV, which serological markers would you expect to be negative?
A. HBsAg and HBcAB
B. HBsAB and HBcAB
C. HBsAg, HBsAB, and HBcAB
D. HBsAB and HBcAB IgM

A

C. HBsAg, HBsAB, and HBcAB

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17
Q

Which condition is characterized by burning or gnawing pain in the epigastric area, often relieved by eating?
A) Acute pancreatitis
B) Gallstones
C) Peptic Ulcer Disease
D) Appendicitis

A

C) Peptic Ulcer Disease

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18
Q

A profile of HBsAg: Negative, HBsAB: Positive, HBcAB: Positive indicates:
A. The person is currently infected with hepatitis B.
B. The person has immunity due to vaccination.
C. The person has natural immunity from a past infection.
D. The person is susceptible to hepatitis B virus

A

C. The person has natural immunity from a past infection.

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19
Q

The presence of which antibodies or antigens confirms a current hepatitis B infection?
A. HBsAB
B. HBcAB
C. HBsAg
D. Both HBsAg and HBcAB IgM

A

D. Both HBsAg and HBcAB IgM

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20
Q

BsAg: Positive
- HBcAB IgM: Negative (indicating the absence of recent infection)

A

Chronic Hepatitis B

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21
Q

HBsAg: Negative
- BsAB: Negative
-HBcAB: Positive
indicates

A

Resolved Infection or False Positive

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22
Q

HBsAg: Positive and HBcAB IgM: Positive indicate:
A. Chronic hepatitis B infection
B. Immunity by vaccination
C. Acute hepatitis B infection
D. Natural immunity from a past infection

A

C. Acute hepatitis B infection

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23
Q

-HBsAg: Positive
- HBcAB IgM: Positive

A

Acute Infection (indicating recent infection)

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24
Q

HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen): Negative
- HBsAB (Antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen):Negative
- HBcAB (Total antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen): Negative

A

Susceptible to Virus

25
Q

What does the presence of HBsAg: Positive and HBcAB IgM: Negative in a serology profile suggest?
A. The patient has a resolved infection.
B. The patient is susceptible to the virus.
C. The patient has an acute hepatitis B infection.
D. The patient has a chronic hepatitis B infection.

A

D. The patient has a chronic hepatitis B infection.

26
Q

HBsAg Negative
HBsAB: Positive
HBcAB: Negative

A

Immune by vaccination

27
Q

What is Cullen’s sign an indication of?
A. Acute appendicitis
B. Pancreatitis, ectopic pregnancy, or splenic rupture
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Hepatitis

A

B. Pancreatitis, ectopic pregnancy, or splenic rupture

28
Q

-HBsAg: Negative
-HBsAB: Positive
- HBcAB: Positive

A

Natural Immunity

29
Q
  • HBsAg: Positive
    • HBcAB IgM: Positive
A

Acute Infection

30
Q

HBsAg: Negative
- HBsAB: Negative
-HBcAB: Positive

A

Resolved Infection or False Positive

31
Q
  • HBsAg: Positive
    HBcAB IgM: Negative
A

Chronic Hepatitis B

32
Q

What does a positive HBsAg indicate?
A) Natural immunity
B) Vaccination immunity
C) Current infection
D) Resolved infection

A

C) Current infection

33
Q

If someone has a negative HBsAg and a positive HBsAB, what does it generally mean?
A) Acute infection
B) Chronic infection
C) Immunity due to vaccination
D) Susceptibility to virus

A

C) Immunity due to vaccination

34
Q

How can you tell if a person has natural immunity to hepatitis B?
A) HBsAg positive, HBcAB positive
B) HBsAg negative, HBsAB positive, HBcAB positive
C) HBsAg positive, HBsAB negative, HBcAB negative
D) HBsAg negative, HBsAB negative, HBcAB positive

A

B) HBsAg negative, HBsAB positive, HBcAB positive

35
Q

What markers would you expect to find in someone who is susceptible to hepatitis B infection?**
A) HBsAg negative, HBsAB positive, HBcAB negative
B) HBsAg positive, HBsAB negative, HBcAB positive
C) HBsAg negative, HBsAB negative, HBcAB negative
D) HBsAg negative, HBsAB positive, HBcAB positive

A

C) HBsAg negative, HBsAB negative, HBcAB negative

36
Q

How can you differentiate between acute and chronic hepatitis B infection using serologic markers?
A) Acute infection shows HBsAg positive and HBcAB IgM positive
B) Chronic infection shows HBsAg positive and HBcAB IgM negative
C) Acute infection shows HBsAg negative and HBcAB positive
D) Both A and B

A

A) Acute infection shows HBsAg positive and HBcAB IgM positive
B) Chronic infection shows HBsAg positive and HBcAB IgM negative

37
Q

What serologic profile suggests immunity to hepatitis B due to vaccination?
A) HBsAg negative, HBsAB positive, HBcAB positive
B) HBsAg positive, HBsAB negative, HBcAB negative
C) HBsAg negative, HBsAB positive, HBcAB negative
D) HBsAg negative, HBsAB negative, HBcAB positive

A

C) HBsAg negative, HBsAB positive, HBcAB negative

38
Q

Describe the significance of a positive IgM HBcAB test result.
A) Indicates vaccination immunity
B) Suggests chronic hepatitis B
C) Indicates acute infection
D) Implies natural immunity

A

C) Indicates acute infection

39
Q

What does a positive HBsAB with a negative HBcAB indicate?
A) Acute hepatitis B
B) Chronic hepatitis B
C) Immunity due to vaccination
D) Susceptibility to hepatitis B virus

A

C) Immunity due to vaccination

40
Q

McBurney’s point is primarily associated with:
A. Liver disease
B. Appendicitis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Ectopic pregnancy

A

B. Appendicitis

41
Q

Test or maneuvers for appendicitis

A

Psoas and obturator’s signs

42
Q

A patient has the following serologic markers: HBsAg negative, HBsAB negative, HBcAB positive. What is the most likely interpretation?
A) Acute infection
B) Chronic infection
C) Resolved infection or false positive
D) Immunity by vaccination

A

C) Resolved infection or false positive

43
Q

The Obturator sign is used to diagnose appendicitis by:
A. Applying pressure to the abdomen
B. Observing for bluish discoloration at the umbilicus
C. Raising the right leg and rotating it internally
D. Checking for rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point

A

C. Raising the right leg and rotating it internally

44
Q

Acute pancreatitis often presents with pain that is:
A. Localized to the RLQ
B. Diffuse and migratory
C. Located in the LUQ and radiates to the back and shoulder
D. Sharp and localized to the epigastrium

A

A. Localized to the LUQ and radiates to the back and shoulder

45
Q

Objective data of acute pancreatitis

A

acutely ill, abdominal distention, decreased bowel sounds, diffuse rebound tenderness

46
Q

Diagnostics for acute pancreatitis

A

CBC with differential, amylase, lipase, triglycerides, liver chemistries, ultrasound, CT scan.

47
Q

The Cullen’s Sign is indicative of:
A. Acute appendicitis
B. Pancreatitis or ectopic pregnancy
C. Hepatitis
D. Cholecystitis

A

B. Pancreatitis or ectopic pregnancy

48
Q

Which organ is not located in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen?
A. Spleen
B. Gallbladder
C. Right Kidney
D. Pancreas

A

A. Spleen

49
Q

Psoas sign indicates possible appendicitis when:
A. There is a faint bluish coloration of the umbilicus
B. The patient can rotate their right leg internally without pain
C. The patient experiences pain in the RLQ upon hip flexion
D. There is no rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point

A

C. The patient experiences pain in the RLQ upon hip flexion

50
Q

Which clinical sign involves observing for bruising or faint bluish coloration in the umbilicus?
A. McBurney’s point
B. Psoas sign
C. Obturator sign
D. Cullen’s sign

A

D. Cullen’s sign

51
Q

Question 1: Abdominal Assessment and Location of Organs
Which of the following organs is NOT primarily located in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) of the abdominal cavity?
A) Gallbladder
B) Liver
C) Spleen
D) Right Kidney

A

C) Spleen

52
Q

The presence of rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point is indicative of:
A. Liver cirrhosis
B. Appendicitis
C. Gallstones
D. Pancreatic cancer

A

B. Appendicitis

53
Q

An ALT level higher than AST level commonly indicates:
A. Alcoholic liver disease
B. Acute hepatitis
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Gallstone pancreatitis

A

B. Acute hepatitis

54
Q

Cullen’s sign, a bluish discoloration around the umbilicus, can indicate:
A. Liver disease
B. Appendicitis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Gallbladder disease

A

C. Pancreatitis

55
Q

organs in RUQ

A

Gallbladder, umbilicus, liver

56
Q

Organs in LUQ

A

Stomach, spleen, coastal Arch

57
Q

Organs in RLQ

A

iliac crest, cecum, appendix, rectum, pubic symphysis

58
Q

Organs in LLQ

A

colon, small intestine, inguinal ligament

59
Q

Differentials for Acute Abdominal Pain:

A

appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy, peptic ulcer perforation, dissection of aneurysm, MI, peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, pneumonia, incarcerated hernia, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, PID, salpingitis, obstruction/ileus

diagnostics Exam 3 (4 decks)

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