GU Lady Parts Flashcards
What are the organs of the female reproductive system
Includes the ovaries, the uterine tubes, the uterus, vagina, and external organs which are collectively called the vulva
What is another name for the vulva
The pudendum
What is another name for the uterine tubes
The fallopian tubes or oviducts
What are also considered part of the female reproductive system
The mammary glands
What produces secondary oocytes and hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, inhibit and relaxin
The ovaries (egg receptacles)
What are secondary oocytes
Cells that develop into mature ova or eggs
What is germinal epithelium
A layer of simple epithelium (low cuboidal or squamous) that covers the surface of the ovary
Each ovarian follicle (folliculus little bag) consist of what
An oocyte and a variable number of surrounding cells that nourish the developing oocyte and begin to secrete estrogens as the follicle grows larger
The follicle enlarges until when
It is a mature (graafian) follicle,a large, fluid-filled follicle that is preparing to rupture and expel a secondary oocyte
The remnants of the ovulated follicle develops into what
A corpus luteum
What does the corpus luteum (yellow body) produce
Produces progesterone, estrogens, relaxin and inhibit until it degenerates and turns into fibrous tissue called CORPUS ALBICANS (white body)
The ovarian medulla is a region deep to the ovarian cortex that consists of what
Loose connective tissue and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
Where is the usual site of fertilization of a secondary oocyte by a sperm cell
In the uterine tube
Fertilization may occur any time up to about how long
24 hours after ovulation
The fertilized ovum is also known as what
Zygote
The zygote descends into the uterus within how long
Wishing 7 days.
Underutilized secondary oocytes disintegrate
Parts of the uterus include the dome shaped portion superior to to the uterine tubes called what
The fundus
The tapering central portion called the body
The narrow portion opening into the vagina called the cervix
What is the interior of the body of the uterus called
The uterine cavity
What is the myometrium
The middle muscular layer of the uterus which consists of smooth muscle and forms the bulk of the uterine wall
During childbirth, coordinated contractions of uterine muscles help expel what
The fetus
What is the endometrium
The inner most part of the uterine wall and is a mucous membrane. It nourishes a growing fetus or sheds monthly during menstruation if fertilization does not occur.
What is the receptacle for the penis during sexual intercourse, the outlet for menstrual flow and is the passageway for childbirth
The vagina
What is an elevation of adipose tissue covered by coarse pubic hair, which cushions the pubic symphysis
The mons pubis
What does the labia majora contain
Adipose tissue and sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands
What does NOT contain pubic hair or fat and have few sudoriferous (sweat) glands
The labia minora; which DOES contain numerous sebaceous (oil) glands
What are mammary glands
Modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands that produce milk - located in the breasts
Each mammary gland consist of how many lobes
15-20 lobes - arranged radially and separated by adipose tissue and strands of connective tissue
What are the strands of connective tissue in the mammary glands called
Suspensions ligaments of the breast (Cooper’s ligaments), which support the breast
What hormone largely stimulates milk production
Prolactin (from the anterior pituitary)
The ejection of milk is stimulated by what
Oxytocin (released from the posterior pituitary)
What is oogenesis
The formation and development of gametes in females
What is secreted by the hypothalamus and controls the ovarian and uterine cycles
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
What does GnRH stimulate the release of
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary.
What initiates follicular growth and the secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles
FSH
What stimulates the further development of ovarian follicles and their full secretion of estrogens
LH
What is the duration of the female reproductive cycle
24 to 36 days (we assume duration of 28 days)
What are the phases of the female reproductive cycle (in order)
Menstrual phase
The pre-ovulatory phase
Ovulation
Post-ovulatory phase
What occurs during the menstrual phase in the ovaries
Several ovarian follicles grow and enlarge
What events take place in the uterus during the menstrual phase
Menstrual flow from the uterus consists of 50 ml -150 ml of blood and tissue cells from the endometrium
What is the pre-ovulatory phase
The time between the end of menstruation and ovulation
What is the time frame of the pre-ovulatory phase
It lasts from days 6 to 13 in a 28 day cycle
What events take place in the ovaries during the pre-ovulatory phase
Under the influence of FSH, several follicles continue to grow and begin to secrete estrogens and inhibin; by about day 6, a single follicle in one of the two ovaries has outgrown all the others to become the dominant follicle
What events occur in the uterus during the pre-ovulatory phase
Estrogens liberated into the blood by growing ovarian follicles stimulate the repair of the endometrium
What is ovulation
The rupture of the mature (graafin) follicle and the release of the secondary oocyte into the pelvic cavity
When does ovulation typically occur
On day 14 in a 28 day cycle
What is the post-ovulatory phase
The time between ovulation and onset of the next menstruation
What phase is the most constant in duration and lasts for 14 days (from day 15 to day 28 in a 28 day cycle)
Post-ovulatory phase
Stimulated by LH, the remaining follicular cells enlarge and form what
The corpus luteum - which secretes progesterone, estrogen, inhibin, and relaxin
With reference to the ovarian cycle, this phase is also called the literal phase
What happens if the oocyte is not fertilized
The corpus luteum only lasts for two weeks
What happens if the secondary oocyte is fertilized and begins to divide
The corpus luteum persists past its normal two week life-span
What specific information is being collected from a female during the HPI
Any abnormal bleeding, pain, vaginal discharge, premenstrual sx complaints, menopausal sx complaints, infertility, urinary sx
What specific complaints need to be looked into for complaints of pain
Temporal sequence and character, associated sx, aggravating and relieving factors, medications
What should be further looked into for a females with c/c of vaginal discharge
The character and occurrence, douching practices, clothing habits, sexual history and associated sx
What should be further evaluated for patients with premenstrual symptom complaints
The symptoms, frequency, if there is interference with activities and what current relief measures are
What should be further evaluated for menopausal symptom complaints
Age of menopause, symptoms, post menopausal bleeding, general feelings, the mother’s experience, birth control methods and medications
What should be further evaluated for infertility
Length of time attempting pregnancy, vaginal abnormalities, contributing factors, partner factors and diagnostic evaluation
What should be further evaluated for urinary symptoms
Acute or chronic characteristics, description of urine, associated symptoms and medications
What should be further evaluated for menstrual history
Age of menarche, dysmenorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding or pain, and premenstrual bleeding
What should be further evaluated for obstetric history
Gravidity, parity, spontaneous or induced abortions
What should be further evaluated for gynecological history
Pap smears and result history, STI’s, and vaginal infections
What should be further evaluated in family history
History of diabetes, cancer of reproductive organs, and congenital anomalies
What should be further evaluated for cleansing routines
Use of sprays, powders, perfume, antiseptic soap, deodorants, or ointments
What should be further evaluated for contraceptive history
Current and previous contraceptive methods, and duration of use
What should be further evaluated for douching history
Frequency, method and solution used, and reason for douching
What should be further evaluated in sexual history
Current or previous treated STI’s
What should be further evaluated for care history
Prescription, OTC or street drugs
What should be further evaluated for infants and children
Character of blood if present, age of mother at menarche, suspicion of sexual abuse, pain and vaginal discharge
What should be further evaluated in adolescents
Ask the same questions you would ask an adult woman
What should be further evaluated in pregnant women
Expected date of delivery(EDD), previous obstetric history, previous birth history, menstrual history, surgical history, family history
What should be further evaluated in older adults
Age of menopause, menopausal and post menopausal symptoms
The external genitalia consists of what
The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibular glands, vaginal vestibule, vaginal orifice, and urethral opening
What is divided anatomically into the corpus and cervix
The uterus
What extends from the isthmus into the vagina
The cervix
The uterus opens into the vagina via the external cervical os
What is composed of the Fallopian tubes and ovaries
The adnexa
Contractions of the tubal musculature move ovum into the uterus
What do ovaries secrete
Estrogen and progesterone
The internal genitalia are supported by what
The cardinal, uterosacral, round, and broad ligaments
The pelvis id formed by what bones
Two innominate (each consisting if ilium, ischium, and pubis)
The sacrum
And the coccyx
What are the four pelvic joints
The symphysis pubis, the sacrococcygeal, and the two sacroiliac joints
What occurs in adolescents during puberty
Vaginal secretions increase and become acidic
What occurs when the uterine pressure obstructs lymph and blood flow
Chadwick sign - the cervix becomes bluish, and vaginal secretions increase during pregnancy
What is the traditional position for conducting a pelvic exam
Lithotomy pelvic examination position
What are the alternative positions for the pelvic examination
A disabled woman is the best judge of which position will work for her
Diamond-shaped position
Obstetric stirrups position
M-shaped
V-shaped
Women with sensory impairment may elevate the head of the table
What is Piskacek sign
The uterus deviated at 8 to 10 weeks of gestation
What usually begins in a woman’s late 20’s, with sx of edema, headache, weight gain, behavioral disturbances such as irritability, nervousness, dysphasia and lack of coordination. Sx occur 5-7 days
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
What is the inability to conceive over a period of 1 year of unprotected regular intercourse
Infertility
What is the presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus causes pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and heavy or prolonged menstrual flow
Endometriosis
What are warty lesions on the labia within the vestibule as a result from HPV that may form cauliflower-like masses
Condyloma Acuminatum (Genital Warts)
What is a benign skin infection caused by pox virus and requires incubation period of 2 to 7 weeks
Molluscum Contagiosum
What causes lesions of secondary syphilis that appears about 6-12 weeks after infection
Condyloma latum
What is a firm, PAINLESS ulcer
Syphilitic chancre (Primary syphilis)
What is an STI that produces small red vesicles
Herpes lesions
What is an acute inflammation that produces hot, red, tender, fluctuations swelling that may drain pus
Inflammation of Bartholin gland
What is chronic inflammation that results in a non tender cyst on the labium
Inflammation of Bartholin gland
What is a hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder
Cystocele
What is a hernial protrusion of part of the rectum
Rectocele
How does carcinoma present in/on the vagina
Vaginal discharge, lesions, masses/ cancer of the vulva will appear as ulcerated or raised red lesions on the vulva
What is a urethral carbuncle
A bright red polypoid growth that protrudes from the urethral meatus
What will present with water discharge and no foul smell with dysuria and frothy, greenish discharge
Trichomoniasis
What will present with purple to discharge from cervix, scene/Bartholin inflammation
Gonorrhea
What will present with thin, white or gray discharge and a positive KOH with clue cells
Bacterial Vaginosis
What is an infected nabothian cysts
Enlarged fluid-filled retention cysts that vary in size
What are bright red, soft and fragile that arise from the endocervical canal
Cervical polyps
What appear as shiny red tissue around the os that may bleed easily
Columnar epithelium
What is a result of weakening of the supporting structures of the pelvic floor, often occurring with a cystocele or rectocele
Uterine prolapsed
What are common, benign, uterine tumors that appear as firm, irregular nodules in the contour of the uterus
Myomas
What are growths that can occur unilaterally or bilaterally and present with smooth cysts
Ovarian cysts
What is a tender, UNILATERAL adnexal mass that may indicate the site of pregnancy and is a surgical emergency
Ruptured tubal pregnancy (ectopic)
What is often caused by gonococcal and chlamydial infection that may be chronic or acute
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Acute PID produces very tender BILATERAL a decal areas and fixed adnexal areas
What is inflammation or infection of the Fallopian tube and associated with PID
Salpingitis
What are the five D’s related to the nipples
Discharge, depression or inversion, discoloration, dermatologic changes, deviation
What are benign cyst formation caused by ductal enlargement and associated with a long follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
Fibrocystic changes
What are benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements that represent a hyper plastic or proliferative process
Fibroadenoma
Who has peak incidences between ages 40 and 75 normally occurring in women older than 50 years old and marked asymmetry of the breast
Malignant breast tumors
What is fat necrosis
A response to local injury; a firm, irregular mass, often appearing as an area of discoloration
What are benign 2 to 3 cm tumors of the subareolar ducts that occur singly or in multiples
Intraductal papillomas and papillomatosis
What is paget disease
A surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma; appears red, scaling, crusty patch forms on the nipple, Arellano and surrounding skin
What is gynecomastia
A smooth, firm, mobile, tender disk of breast tissue located behind the areola in males (hormone imbalance)
What is inflammation of the sebaceous glands in the areola
Retention cysts
What is lactation not associated with childbearing and most commonly caused by pituitary tumors
Galactorrhea
What is inflammation and infection of the breast tissue characterized by sudden onset of swelling, tenderness, erythema and heat
Mastitis (usually result of staph infection)
What is mammary duct ectasia
When the subareolar ducts become blocked with desquamating secretory epithelium, necrotic debris, and chronic inflammatory cells (most commonly in menopausal women)
