GU Assessment Primer (From BP only) Flashcards
What objective assessments do we make for a urine sample?
- Appearance
- Color
- Smell
What is the desired result of a urinalysis?
- NAD
* No Abnormalities Detected
What is the normal pH range for urine?
• 5-8.5
True or False
In healthy people, there can be a small amount of urobilinogen in urine.
• True, due to normal erythrocyte breakdown, liver function and bile excretion
What are some causes of hematuria?
- Tumors of renal tract
- Urine infection
- Renal trauma or calculi
- Anticoags
- Menstruation in females
What may be some cause of proteinuria?
- Infection
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Gout
- Amyloidosis
True or False
Urethral or vaginal discharge can affect the result of a urinalysis
• True
Presence of bilirubin in urine can indicate…
- Obstructive jaundice
* Hepatocellular damage
What may ketonuria indicate?
- Poor nutrition
* Diabetes
What may glycosuria (glucose in urine) indicate?
- Diabetes
* Pregnancy
What may the presence of nitrates in urine indicate?
• That there is bacteria present and possible infection
What may produce a false negative for blood and glucose in urine?
• Presence of ascorbic acid
What may produce a false negative for bilirubin in urine?
• Not using a fresh urine sample
Urine w/ a high alkalinity can give a false positive for…
• Protein
What are common urinary labs?
- Creatinine clearance (24hr collection)/ Composite urine collection
- Urine culture
- Residual urine
- Urine cytology
Why would a urine culture be done?
• To determine UTI causative organisms
What is the purpose of a residual urine test?
• To determine bladder dysfunction
What is the purpose of a urine cytology test?
• To identify abnormal cells/cancer
What is the purpose of a creatinine clearance (24hr urine collection) test?
- To measure what is in the urine
* To evaluate kidney function
How is a 24hr clearance test collected?
- Pt urinates, but does not collect the first urination of the day. This starts the 24 timer
- Pt collects and keeps cool all urine OP for the next 24hrs
What is urea?
• Waste product of protein breakdown
What is the normal range for urea?
• 6-24 mg/dL
What is creatinine?
• Waste product of muscle breakdown
High creatinine levels may indicate…
• Kidney disfunction
What is a cystoscopy used for?
• To visualize and assess the urethra and bladder
What position is a patient receiving a cystoscopy placed?
• Lithotomy: on back with knees up and legs spread
Is anesthetic used for a cystoscopy?
- Yes, general or local may be used
* Fluids need to be given before the procedure if general anesthesia is to be used
What are normal symptoms for a pt to experience post cystoscopy?
- Burning
- Urination frequency
- Urine color
What abnormalities must be assessed for post cystoscopy?
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Urine retention
What is the specific gravity range for urine?
• 1.010-1.020
