GU Flashcards
What are the structures that can cause or be involved with an upper UTI?
Pyelonephritis and the ureters
When do we treat for a UTI?
We treat when they are symptomatic or pregnant or immunosuppressed
What is the number one culprit of a UTI and Y
E. coli is the number one culprit and it is a typical bacteria found in the colon and with stool it can translocate and go into the urethra
What are some signs and symptoms of an uncomplicated UTI
Burning urgency, frequency may be a little bit of blood in the urine. Fever is uncommon. You should not have rigors. You shouldn’t have chills and maybe the urine smells a little bit.
What are some signs and symptoms of a complicated UTI?
Complicated UTI you’ll have fever chills Riggers. You will also have malaise maybe signs and symptoms of like increase heart rate increase respiratory rate decrease blood pressure with the elderly population. You could see mental status changes so alter mental status. The bacteria has traveled from a lower to an upper typically the complicated UTIs are pyelonephritis with a costoverterbral flank pain.
What are the structures involved for a lower UTI?
Bladder which is cystitis closer to urethra, maybe even prostatitis lower for the men
Patient population highest risk for getting UTI
Elderly patients, they’ll typically present with an alter mental status
What is the best anabiotic management for an acute uncomplicated UTI?
Nitro serotonin, which is Macrobid 100 mg POBID times five days could also give Bactrim POBID times three days and the alternate is Cipro 250 mg. POBID but we have to be careful with that based on local resistance pattern, Cipro can wipe out your intestinal flora.
Pain in the CVA tenderness, radiating, flank, pain, nausea, vomiting, migrating, almost mimicking a triple AAA differential diagnosis for this
Kidney stones
Nephrolithiasis
Nephritic syndrome:
Caused by inflammation of the glomeruli, often due to autoimmune disorders, infections, or medications.
Diabetes, amyloidosis, or lupus destroys those Podocytes and those Podocytes inside the glomerular bed causes blank to get in dumping this into the urine is known as what syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome, you will have high protein in the urine and hypo Albutein foamy urine
Someone who has Coca-Cola urine and not as much protein in the urine high BUN inflammatory process increase creatinine we’re thinking what kind of syndrome
Nephritic syndrome
Prerenal AKI
Loss of volume. Hypo perfusion
First sign of kidney damage
Protein in the urine
Pre renal
Caused by factors before the kidneys, leading to reduced blood flow and filtration.
Common causes include:
Hypovolemia: Reduced blood volume (e.g., dehydration, blood loss).
Hypotension: Low blood pressure.
Sepsis: A life-threatening infection.
Shock: A dangerous drop in blood pressure.
Cardiovascular problems: Heart failure, heart attack.
Medications: Certain drugs can affect kidney blood flow.
Example: A patient who is severely dehydrated may develop pre-renal AKI.
Intra renal
Caused by damage within the kidneys themselves.
Common causes include:
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN): Damage to the kidney tubules.
Nephrotoxic medications: Certain drugs can damage the kidneys (e.g., some antibiotics, certain contrast dyes).
Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli (filtering units).
Rhabdomyolysis: Muscle breakdown that releases toxins into the blood.
Infections: Kidney infections.
Example: A patient who develops kidney damage after taking a nephrotoxic medication may have intra-renal AKI.
Post renal
Caused by obstructions in the urinary tract that prevent urine from draining properly.
Common causes include:
Kidney stones: Blockages in the ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder).
Prostate enlargement: In men, an enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow.
Bladder outlet obstruction: Problems with the bladder or urethra (tube that carries urine out of the body).
Uterine tumors: Tumors in the uterus can compress the ureters.
Example: A patient with a kidney stone that blocks the flow of urine may develop post-renal AKI.
Leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease globally
Diabetic nephropathy,
also known as diabetic kidney disease, is chronic kidney damage caused by high blood sugar levels from diabetes. It develops slowly over years and is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. Uncontrolled diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste, leading to kidney damage and high blood pressure
Prolonged and sustained hypo perfusion to the kidney can cause what kind of failure going on length of time
Assume the damage is intra renally
CHF exacerbation or a pump problem could cause what kind of renal failure
Pre renal not perfusing
Abnormal reflex stroking the inner thigh scrotum elevates should elevate that the muscle makes the angle canal contract if it’s abnormal what kind of reflex is this and what does it mean?
Cremator reflex, and if it is absence, it means you have decreased perfusion another significant assessment for testicular torsion
What would you order if you see protein in the urine. New onset htn and hematuria
Renal ultrasound
Azotemia means
Increase BUN
Most common autosomal dominant familial kidney disorder
PKD
