GU Flashcards
How do you differentiate RCC and angiomyolipoma?
Both can contain fat but RCCs can contain calc.
Imaging features of clear cell RCC Vs other types
More heterogenous due to necrosis, cystic change or haemorrhage.
Increased enhancement.
What condition is clear cell RCC associated with?
Von Hipple Lindau
Birt-Hogg Dube
Imaging features of papillary RCC?
T2 dark.
They are hypovascular and so hypo-enhance Vs normal cortex.
What type of patient is most susceptible to papillary RCC?
transPlant kidney patients.
What condition are renal AMLs associated with?
Tuberous Sclerosis
What are the imaging features of renal oncocytoma?
Difficult to differentiate from RCC.
Typically solid mass with CENTRAL SCAR.
Can have calcification.
Typically hotter than normal kidney on PET.
Syndromes associated with bilateral oncocytomas?
Tuberous sclerosis
Birt Hogg Dube - They also get chromophobe RCC
Most common primary malignancy of the retroperitoneum in an adult?
Liposarcoma
(Lymphoma is more common but is not classed as primary)
Most common retroperitoneal malignancy of the retroperitoneum in a child?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
What is the Bosniak classification?
I - Pure simple cyst
II - minimal complexity, thin septa/calc
IIF - Thicker septa (>3mm)/ more septa (>4)
III - Thick walls/septa (>4mm) that can enhance
IV - One or more enhancing nodules/obtusely margined protrusions
What are the T2 dark renal cysts?
- Lipid poor AML
- Haemorrhagic cyst
- Papillary RCC
What is the cortical rim sign?
Helps differentiate renal infection Vs infarction.
Renal infection extends all the way to the cortex whereas the cortex is spared in infarction.
What is papillary necrosis associated with?
Diabetes
Sickle cell anaemia
TB
NSAID + paracetamol use
What are the imaging features of papillary necrosis?
Filling defect in the calyx (lobster claw sign)
What is xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?
Recurrent kidney infections caused by staghorn calculus acting as a nidus for infection.
Has a bear paw appearance
What is Page kidney?
Subcapsular renal haematoma and HTN
What is Maleukoplakia and it’s associations?
Plaques in bladder and ureters.
Associated with Ecoli
What is leukoplakia?
Squamous cell metaplasia in the bladder/ureters.
Associated with SCC.
SCC of the bladder is associated with what conditions?
Schistosomiasis
Leukoplakia
Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is associated with what condition?
Urachus
How is a fractured penis defined?
Fracture of the corpus cavernosum and surrounding tunica albuginea
How to tell the difference between utricle cyst or mullerian duct cyst on urethrogram?
Both are midline prostatic cysts.
Mullerian duct cyst can extend above the prostate
Utricle cyst does not extend above the prostate.
Prostate abscess is usually associated with what bacteria?
E coli
What is medullary RCC associated with?
Sickle cell trait
How do you differentiate AD-PKD Vs AR-PKD?
AD - round cysts distributed throughout the kidneys, occurs in adults
AR - tubular cysts sparing the cortex, occurs in kids
Prostatic urethra cancer Vs bulbar/penile urethra cancer
Prostatic - TCC
Bulbar/penile - SCC