GU

Question 1

How do you differentiate RCC and angiomyolipoma?

Answer 1

Both can contain fat but RCCs can contain calc.

Question 2

Imaging features of clear cell RCC Vs other types

Answer 2

More heterogenous due to necrosis, cystic change or haemorrhage.
Increased enhancement.

Question 3

What condition is clear cell RCC associated with?

Answer 3

Von Hipple Lindau
Birt-Hogg Dube

Question 4

Imaging features of papillary RCC?

Answer 4

T2 dark.

They are hypovascular and so hypo-enhance Vs normal cortex.

Question 5

What type of patient is most susceptible to papillary RCC?

Answer 5

transPlant kidney patients.

Question 6

What condition are renal AMLs associated with?

Answer 6

Tuberous Sclerosis

Question 7

What are the imaging features of renal oncocytoma?

Answer 7

Difficult to differentiate from RCC.
Typically solid mass with CENTRAL SCAR.
Can have calcification.
Typically hotter than normal kidney on PET.

Question 8

Syndromes associated with bilateral oncocytomas?

Answer 8

Tuberous sclerosis
Birt Hogg Dube - They also get chromophobe RCC

Question 9

Most common primary malignancy of the retroperitoneum in an adult?

Answer 9

Liposarcoma
(Lymphoma is more common but is not classed as primary)

Question 10

Most common retroperitoneal malignancy of the retroperitoneum in a child?

Answer 10

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 11

What is the Bosniak classification?

Answer 11

I - Pure simple cyst
II - minimal complexity, thin septa/calc
IIF - Thicker septa (>3mm)/ more septa (>4)
III - Thick walls/septa (>4mm) that can enhance
IV - One or more enhancing nodules/obtusely margined protrusions

Question 12

What are the T2 dark renal cysts?

Answer 12

1. Lipid poor AML
2. Haemorrhagic cyst
3. Papillary RCC

Question 13

What is the cortical rim sign?

Answer 13

Helps differentiate renal infection Vs infarction.
Renal infection extends all the way to the cortex whereas the cortex is spared in infarction.

Question 14

What is papillary necrosis associated with?

Answer 14

Diabetes
Sickle cell anaemia
TB
NSAID + paracetamol use

Question 15

What are the imaging features of papillary necrosis?

Answer 15

Filling defect in the calyx (lobster claw sign)

Question 16

What is xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?

Answer 16

Recurrent kidney infections caused by staghorn calculus acting as a nidus for infection.
Has a bear paw appearance

Question 17

What is Page kidney?

Answer 17

Subcapsular renal haematoma and HTN

Question 18

What is Maleukoplakia and it’s associations?

Answer 18

Plaques in bladder and ureters.
Associated with Ecoli

Question 19

What is leukoplakia?

Answer 19

Squamous cell metaplasia in the bladder/ureters.
Associated with SCC.

Question 20

SCC of the bladder is associated with what conditions?

Answer 20

Schistosomiasis
Leukoplakia

Question 21

Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is associated with what condition?

Answer 21

Urachus

Question 22

How is a fractured penis defined?

Answer 22

Fracture of the corpus cavernosum and surrounding tunica albuginea

Question 23

How to tell the difference between utricle cyst or mullerian duct cyst on urethrogram?

Answer 23

Both are midline prostatic cysts.

Mullerian duct cyst can extend above the prostate
Utricle cyst does not extend above the prostate.

Question 24

Prostate abscess is usually associated with what bacteria?

Answer 24

E coli

Question 25

What is medullary RCC associated with?

Answer 25

Sickle cell trait

Question 26

How do you differentiate AD-PKD Vs AR-PKD?

Answer 26

AD - round cysts distributed throughout the kidneys, occurs in adults

AR - tubular cysts sparing the cortex, occurs in kids

Question 27

Prostatic urethra cancer Vs bulbar/penile urethra cancer

Answer 27

Prostatic - TCC
Bulbar/penile - SCC