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NUR 718 exam 2 > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

hematuria

A

5+ RBCs on 3/3 specimens one week apart

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2
Q

most common UTI pathogen

A

E. coli

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3
Q

UTI exam findings

A

fever, tachycardia
flank pain/CVA tenderness
suprapubic tenderness
inguinal adenopathy

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4
Q

UTI diagnostics

A

UA

pyuria (WBC >10,0000/ml) - most reliable
leukocyte esterase > nitrites

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5
Q

uncomplicated cystitis treatment

A

nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim

second line - fluoroquinolones

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6
Q

acute pyelonephritis treatment

A

hospitalized - gentamycin & ampicillin OR ceftriaxone OR ciprofloxacin

outpatient - ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, or gentamicin IV then PO

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7
Q

varicocele vs hydrocele presentation

A

variocele - venous dilation

bag of worms, pain, testicular atrophy, infertility

hydrocele - fluid collection

fullness, painless

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8
Q

how to differentiate between hydrocele and varicocele

A

hydrocele will transilluminate

ultrasound if needed

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9
Q

varicocele treatment

A

surgery - embolization, ligation

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10
Q

hydrocele treatment

A

scrotal supports
NSAIDs

possibly surgery if symptomatic

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11
Q

acute bacterial prostatitis s/s

A

UTI symptoms + pain at the tip of the penis

firm, tender prostate

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12
Q

bacterial prostatitis treatment

A

TMP/SMX - acute
ciprofloxacin - acute/chronic

acute - 2-6 week extended treatment!
chronic - 4-12 week treatment

alpha blocker for retention

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13
Q

chronic bacterial prostatitis diagnosis

A

semen culture with 10+ WBCs

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14
Q

acute epididymitis s/s

A

gradual onset unilateral scrotal pain

negative Phrens sign - relief of pain when elevating affected testicle

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15
Q

acute epididymitis antibiotics based on cause

A

chlamydia/gonorrhea - ceftriaxone IM & doxy

anal sex - ceftriaxone IM & levofloxacin

enteric organisms - levofloxacin

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16
Q

testicular torsion s/s

A

sudden onset unilateral pain

hard, swollen, high-riding testis

loss of cremasteric reflex, positive Phrens sign (pain w elevation)

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17
Q

testicular torsion treatment

A

surgery!!!! within 6 hours

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18
Q

ED treatment

A

phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

CI in men taking nitrates ->fatal hypotension

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19
Q

purpose of PSA

A

screening for prostate cancer

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20
Q

BPH treatment

A

surgery - TURP - relieves bladder outlet obstruction

alpha blockers

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21
Q

prostate cancer diagnosis

A

PSA

needle biopsy -> Gleason score

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22
Q

risk factor for bladder cancer

A

tobacco use

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23
Q

s/s of bladder cancer

A

painless hematuria
irritative voiding symptoms

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24
Q

s/s of testicular cancer

A

nodule or painless swelling of one testicle

dull, achy lower abdomen, perineum, or scrotum

ovoid hard, firm, fixed mass

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25
Q

testicular cancer diagnostics

A

alphafetoprotein (AFP), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are elevated in 80% of testicular cancer (GCTs)

26
Q

testicular cancer treatment

A

radical orchiectomy (testicle removal) w sperm banking

27
Q

relative contraindications to oral contraception

A

smoking
CV disease
hypertension

28
Q

primary dysmenorrhea

A

prostaglandins causing uterine contractions

associated with menstrual cycle

29
Q

secondary amenorrhea

A

3 months without menstrual cycle, or 6 months without in a woman with previously irregular cycles

must rule out pregnancy

30
Q

menorrhagia

A

heavy bleeding

31
Q

metrorrhagia

A

light, irregular bleeding between periods

32
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

heavy, irregular bleeding

33
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of the fallopian tubes, caused by bacterial infection

34
Q

most common microbes of salpingitis

A

N. gonorrhoeae
C. trachomatis

35
Q

PID exam findings

A

chandelier sign - marked tenderness of the cervix, uterus, and adnexa

discharge, friable cervix, pain

36
Q

PID diagnosis

A

sexually active with uterine/adnexal tenderness OR cervical motion tenderness

may have temp, discharge, elevated ESR/CRP, evidence of gonococcal or chlamydial infection, leukocytosis

definitive - endometrial biopsy, TVUS, laparoscopic abnormalities

37
Q

complication of PID

A

Fitz-Hugh curtis syndrome (liver inflammation)

38
Q

BV diagnosis

A

clue cells on wet mount

39
Q

amsel criteria

A

for BV

3 of the following:

  • vaginal pH >4.5
  • > 20% clue cells
  • positive aime/whiff test
  • milky, white discharge
40
Q

BV treatment

A

metronidazole or clindamycin

41
Q

vulvovaginal candidiasis diagnosis

A

pseudo Hyphae and/or budding yeast

42
Q

vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment

A

antifungals - fluconazole, miconazole

43
Q

trichomonas treatment

A

metronidazole

44
Q

trichomonas pathogen

A

trichomonads vaginalis

45
Q

trichomonas presentation

A

strawberry cervix, frothy yellow discharge

46
Q

chlamydia presentation

A

many asymptomatic women
men may have some discharge/pain

47
Q

chlamydia diagnosis

A

NAAT

48
Q

chlamydia treatment

A

doxycycline

49
Q

gonorrhea presentation

A

women - asymptomatic
men - PERFUSE thick yellow discharge

50
Q

gonorrhea tratment

A

ceftriaxone IM once

51
Q

HSV type 1

A

cold sores

52
Q

HSV type 2

A

genital lesions

53
Q

HSV dianositcs

A

HSV culture, ELISA or western blot

54
Q

HSV treatment

A

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

55
Q

syphilis pathogen

A

treponema pallidum

56
Q

syphilis presentation

A

primary - chancre (painless, indurated ulcer)
secondary - flu symptoms, rash
latent - asymptomatic
tertiary - systemic complications (neurosyphilis)

57
Q

syphilis treatment

A

penicillin

58
Q

testing for sexual assault

A

initial - HIV/STIs
6wk-3mo later - STI, HIV

59
Q

sexual assault abx

A

women - doxy, metronidazole, CTX

men - CTX, doxy

60
Q

normal PSA

A

<6.5

NUR 718 exam 2 (5 decks)

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