Grupa 1 cationi

Question 1

argint+ acid clorhidric

Answer 1

Ag+ + HCl = AgCl↓ + H+ pp alb cazeos
AgCl + [H] = Ag↓ + HCl
AgCl + HCl = H[AgCl2]
AgCl + 2KCN = K[Ag(CN)2] + KCl
AgCl + 2KSCN = K[Ag(SCN)2] + KCl
AgCl + 2Na2S2O3 = Na3[Ag(S2O3)2] + NaCl
AgCl + 2NH4OH = Ag(NH3)2Cl + 2H2O

Question 2

argint+ hidrogen sulfurat

Answer 2

2Ag+ + H2S = Ag2S↓ + 2H+ pp negru
3Ag2S + 8HNO3 = 6AgNO3 + 2NO↑ + 3S↓ + 4H2O

Question 3

argint+hidroxid de amoniu

Answer 3

2Ag+ + 2NH4OH = Ag2O↓ + 2NH4 + H2O pp brun
Ag2O + 4 NH4OH = 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH + 3H2O

Question 4

argint+ iodura de potasiu

Answer 4

Ag+ + KI = AgI↓ + K+ pp galben inchis

Question 5

argint+cromat de potasiu

Answer 5

Ag+ + K2CrO4 = Ag2CrO4↓ + 2K+ pp rosu brun
Ag 2CrO4 + 2HNO3 = 2AgNO3 + H2CrO4

Question 6

argint+ditizona

Answer 6

m acid -> galben
m alcalin -> violet

Question 7

reactii redox- caracter oxid Ag+

Answer 7

1) 2Ag+ + Mn2+ + 4OH‾ = MnO2↓ + 2Ag↓ + 2H2O
2) reactia oglinzii de argint - in m amoniacal, la cald
2[Ag(NH3)2]OH + R-CHO = 2Ag↓ + R-COONH4 + 3NH3↑ + H2O

Question 8

plumb+acid clorhidric

Answer 8

Pb2+ + 2HCl = PbCl2↓ + 2H+ pp alb
PbCl2 + HCl = H[PbCl3]
PbCl2 + 2HCl = H2[PbCl4]

Question 9

plumb+hidrogen sulfurat

Answer 9

Pb2+ + H2S = PbS↓ + 2H+ pp negru
PbS + 4HCl = H2[PbCl4] + H2S↑
3PbS + 8HNO3 = 3Pb(NO3)2 + 3S↓ + 2NO↑ + 4H2O (în acid diluat)

Question 10

plumb+ acid sulfuric

Answer 10

Pb2+ + H2SO4 = PbSO4↓ + 2H+ pp alb
PbSO4 + 4HCl = H2[PbCl4] + H2SO4
PbSO4 + 4KOH = K2[Pb(OH)4] + K2SO4
PbSO4 + 2(NH4)2C4H4O6= (NH4)2[Pb(C4H4O6)2] + (NH4)2SO4

Question 11

plumb+ iodura de potasiu

Answer 11

Pb2+ + KI = PbI2↓ pp galben
PbI2 + 2KI = K2[PbI4]

Question 12

plumb+ cromat de potasiu

Answer 12

Pb2+ + K2CrO4 = PbCrO4↓ + 2K+ pp galben
PbCrO4 + 4KOH = K2[Pb(OH)4] + K2CrO4

Question 13

plumb+ ditizona

Answer 13

pH=9-11; complex chelat rosu caramiziu

Question 14

mercuros+ acid clorhidric

Answer 14

Hg2^2+ + 2HCl = Hg2Cl2↓ + 2H+ calomel- pp alb
Hg2Cl2 + 2KCl = K2[HgCl4] + Hg↓
Hg2Cl2 + 2NH4OH = HgClNH2↓ + Hg↓ + 2H2O + NH4Cl

Question 15

mercuros+ hidrogen sulfurat

Answer 15

Hg2^2+ + H2S = HgS↓ + Hg↓ + 2H+ pp negru
3HgS + 2(3HCl + HNO3) = 3HgCl2 + 3S↓ + 2NO↑ + 4H2O

Question 16

mercuros+ iodura de potasiu

Answer 16

Hg2^2+ + 2KI = Hg2I2↓ + 2K+ pp verde
Hg2I2 + 2KI = K2[HgI4] + Hg↓

Question 17

mercuros+ cromat de potasiu

Answer 17

Hg2^2+ + K2CrO4 = Hg2CrO4↓ + 2K+ pp rosu aprins

Question 18

mercuros+ difenil carbazida

Answer 18

complex albastru/violet

Question 19

Reacția cationilor din grupa I cu cromatul de potasiu

Answer 19

Ag+ + K2CrO4 = Ag2CrO4↓ + 2K+ pp rosu brun
Ag 2CrO4 + 2HNO3 = 2AgNO3 + H2CrO4
Pb2+ + K2CrO4 = PbCrO4↓ + 2K+ pp galben
PbCrO4 + 4KOH = K2[Pb(OH)4] + K2CrO4
Hg2^2+ + K2CrO4 = Hg2CrO4↓ + 2K+ pp rosu aprins

Question 20

Reacțiile cationilor din grupa I cu reactivul de grupă.

Answer 20

Ag+ + HCl = AgCl↓ + H+ pp alb cazeos
AgCl + [H] = Ag↓ + HCl
AgCl + HCl = H[AgCl2]
AgCl + 2KCN = K[Ag(CN)2] + KCl
AgCl + 2KSCN = K[Ag(SCN)2] + KCl
AgCl + 2Na2S2O3 = Na3[Ag(S2O3)2] + NaCl
AgCl + 2NH4OH = Ag(NH3)2Cl + 2H2O
Pb2+ + 2HCl = PbCl2↓ + 2H+ pp alb
PbCl2 + HCl = H[PbCl3]
PbCl2 + 2HCl = H2[PbCl4]
Hg2^2+ + 2HCl = Hg2Cl2↓ + 2H+ calomel- pp alb
Hg2Cl2 + 2KCl = K2[HgCl4] + Hg↓
Hg2Cl2 + 2NH4OH = HgClNH2↓ + Hg↓ + 2H2O +
NH4Cl

Question 21

Reacția cationilor din grupa I cu iodura de potasiu.

Answer 21

Ag+ + KI = AgI↓ + K+ pp galben inchis
Pb2+ + KI = PbI2↓ pp galben
PbI2 + 2KI = K2[PbI4]
Hg2^2+ + 2KI = Hg2I2↓ + 2K+ pp verde
Hg2I2 + 2KI = K2[HgI4] + Hg↓