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MUSIC 140 Midterm 1 > Growth of the Music Industry > Flashcards

Growth of the Music Industry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main contributing factors to the creation of music industry

A

Copyright Law and the growth of the Middle Class

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2
Q

What is Copyright

A

Protection of intellectual property. Lends value to ideas and creativities

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3
Q

Where did copyright originate?

A

Statutue of Anne - 1710

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4
Q

Who lobbied for the creation of copywright?

A

Pamphleteers - writers of essays.

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5
Q

Who administered copywright?

A

The stationers company

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6
Q

Where did the term royalties come from>?

A

The stationer company was a crown corp. Payments for copying were paid to the crown (royal -ties)

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7
Q

When were copyright laws introduced in the US

A

1790s

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8
Q

When were the copyright laws expanded to cover sheet music?

A

1830

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9
Q

What does the creation of copyright for sheet music imply?

A

Already a significant number of professional songwriters by 1830

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10
Q

Who is the Victorian Ballad named for

A

Queen Victoria

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11
Q

What drove the popularity of victorian ballads

A

Industrial revolustion, creates the middle class

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12
Q

What did middle class life allow

A

savings, disposable income. Allows the purchase of musical instruments

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13
Q

When was the industrial revolution

A

1760 - 1830

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14
Q

Why were pianos popular purchases for the middle class

A

Status symbol, entertainment source, way to match your daughters up with suitors

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15
Q

What is a parlour song

A

Song to be sung by at home

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16
Q

What is the general instrumentation of a parlour song

A

Female vocalist with piano accompaniment

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17
Q

What values were expressed in the parlour song

A

Chastity, restraint, honour, loyalty

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18
Q

How are victorian values expressed in parlour songs?

A

Lyrics, restrained vocal quality

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19
Q

Who wrote “Believe me if all those endearing young charms”?

A

Thomas Moore

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20
Q

When was “Believe me if all those endearing young charms written?

A

1808

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21
Q

What structure does “Believe me if all those endearing young charms” have?

A

AABA

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22
Q

What is the first hit of Tin Pan Alley?

A

“After the Ball”

23
Q

who wrote After the Ball?

A

Charles K Harris

24
Q

When was after the ball written?

A

1892

25
Q

how many songs did After the Ball sell?

A

5M

26
Q

Where was after the ball performed?

A

theaters, early movies, bandshells

27
Q

What prompted the first hit song?

A

Population explosion, increasingly urban population. Creates a critical point

28
Q

What was the population of the US in 1892

A

63M

29
Q

what street is Tin Pan Alley on?

A

W28th

30
Q

How long did Tin Pan Alley Last?

A

1892 - mid 20th century

31
Q

When was the peak of Tin Pan Alley

A

20s and 30s

32
Q

How many composers were there at the peak of TPA

A

36k

33
Q

How many publishing companies were there?

A

21k

34
Q

What was the primary trade of Tin Pan Alley?

A

Sheet Music

35
Q

Why was Tin Pan Alley successful?

A

Division of labour. The principle that many individuals each had individual roles (composers, lyricists, performers, publishers)

36
Q

When do recordings begin to take off

A

1920s

37
Q

When do recordings begin to become more important

A

Late 30s, early 40s

38
Q

What difficulty level were TPA songs?

A

made for amateur musicians to be played in the home

39
Q

What themes were espoused in TPA songs?

A

Idealized romance, restraint

40
Q

What was the most common form of TPA songs

A

AABA

41
Q

What is the purpose of the B section in AABA

A

to provide contrast and build tension towards the final A section

42
Q

Who wrote Somewhere Over the Rainbow?

A

Arlen/Herberg

43
Q

When was Somewher Over the Rainbow published?

A

1939

44
Q

Who famously sung Somewhere Over the Rainbow

A

Judy Garland

45
Q

What form did TPA songs use

A

Sectional Verse sectional chorus AABA

46
Q

What incentive did TPA have to release additional version

A

More versions -> more reach -> more sheet music sales

47
Q

What is a song plugger

A

Person who breaks out into song in the middle of a competing performance to advertise a different song

48
Q

Where did TPA use their songs in early american culture

A

Early Musicals & Movies were used to drive music sales

49
Q

What was the relationships between publishers and Big Band Leaders

A

Publishers convinced big band leaders to play their songs

50
Q

Who are some exception to the trend of big bands in the 30s and 40s?

A

Bing Crosby, Andrew Sisters, Mills Brothers

51
Q

What was Bing Cosby’s nickname

A

America’s uncle, Der Bingle (Germany)

52
Q

When did Frank Sinatra go solo

A

1943

53
Q

What trend did Frank Sinatra invent

A

“Teen Idol”

54
Q

What was an example of an early frank Sinatra hit

A

‘Ive got a crush on you’

MUSIC 140 Midterm 1 (4 decks)

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