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NS11 > Growth of American Sea Power > Flashcards

Growth of American Sea Power Flashcards

1
Q

What occurred in the United States in 1789 that enabled Congress to authorize construction of a Navy?

A

The Articles of Confederation was replaced with the Constitution.

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2
Q

What were the names of the first three U.S. Frigates Launched in 1797?

A

The United States
The Constitution
The Constellation

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3
Q

How were the warships rated in the days of sail?

A

According to the amount of long-barreled carriage mounted guns that the ship held

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4
Q

Who was the U.S. naval officer who fought the two most famous battles of the Quasi-War with France?

A

Thomas Truxton

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4
Q

What was the outcome of the Quasi-War?

A
  • A peace treaty was signed between the United States and France
  • Gave the United States the right of doing free trade.
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5
Q

Why was John Adams defeated when he ran for reelection?

A

He promised to reduce the amount of money the government was spending and opposed the Quasi-War.

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6
Q

How did the term Preble’s Boys come into being?

A

Edward Preble was a commander at Tripoli and his followers were known as “preble’s boys”

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7
Q

Who was the hero of the exploit?

A

Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson.

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8
Q

What was the Philadelphia incident?

A
  • Occurred on October 31st
  • Philadelphia was run aground, to then be captured.
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9
Q

What phrase in the Marines’ Hymn refers to this operation?

A

“to the shores of Tripoli”

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10
Q

How did William Eaton finally end the war against Tripoli in 1805?

A
  • He attacked and captured Derna across the Gulf of Sidra
  • Raised the United States flag.
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11
Q

What caused American sentiment to turn against the British in the years leading up to the War of 1812?

A

The American sentiment turned when the British started to put down the policy of “impressment” onto American ships.

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12
Q

What was the Chesapeake affair?

A
  • When the warship named the Chesapeake was boarded and fired on, in Virginia.
  • They were not fully armed or prepared to fight back
  • Forced them to surrender.
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13
Q

What was the U.S. naval strategy for the War of 1812?

A
  • Was to protect the nation’s shore and trade routes with squadrons.
    *They would consist of hinboats.
  • They did this while harassing British sea commerce with privateers and the British Navy with attacks by warships.
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14
Q

What naval battle fought in August 1812 helped restore Americans sagging spirits?

A

The battles between the warships the USS Constitution and HMS Guerriere.

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15
Q

Who was the U.S. naval officer involved?

A

Captain Issac Hull.

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16
Q

What famous nickname was the USS Constitution given because of the great naval battle between the USS Constitution and HMS Guerriere?

A

“Old Ironsides”.

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17
Q

What was the result of the British blockade of U.S. ports during the War of 1812?

A

They did not let any American ships get out to sea for the rest of the war.

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18
Q

What construction uttered by CAPT James Lawrence in the battle between the USS Chesapeake and HMS Shannon became a famous battle cry?

A

“Don’t give up the ship!”

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19
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Lake Erie?

A
  • It was in September 1813
  • American soldiers defeated a British squadron, so Lake Erie is now under American control.
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20
Q

What famous song was written during the British attack on Baltimore in 1814?

A

The Star Spangled Banner

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21
Q

Who wrote it the Star Spangled Banner

A

Francis Scott Key

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22
Q

What was the significance of the battle at Plattsburg on Lake Champlain in 1814?

A
  • Occurred in 1814
  • It brought an end to the war from reducing demands of the British needs.
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23
Q

When and where was the peace treaty ending the War of 1812 signed?

A

Christmas Eve of 1814 in Ghent, Belgium.

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24
Q

Why was the Battle of New Orleans fought after the peace treaty ending the War of 1812 was signed?

A
  • The news of signing the treaty traveled rather slowly. * The treaty was signed in Europe so the news did not get back to America yet.
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25
Q

Who was the U.S. general who won the battle?

A

Andrew Jackson

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25
Q

What benefits did the United States gain from the War of 1812 around the world?

A

The United States gained a lot of respect for being able to stand up and keep fighting against the British even when it wasn’t in their odds.

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26
Q

What was the chief task of the U.S. Navy following the War of 1812?

A

To protect and promote trade everywhere in the world.

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27
Q

Who was the most notorious of the American pirates in the 1820s?

A

Jean Laffite

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28
Q

What caused the U.S. whaling industry to decline in the 1860s?

A
  • Oil was discovered in Pennsylvania
  • This caused the whaling industry to decline in the 1860s. ​​
  • They replaced this whale oil with the oil found to create heating and lighting.
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29
Q

What was the infamous triangular trade carried on across the Atlantic from the precolonial times to the start of the Civil War?

A

The Slave Trade

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30
Q

Describe the route, the trade used and the cargo carried.

A
  • First, England ships carried rum to West Africa where they traded for slaves.
  • Then, they traveled from West Africa to America where they would trade the slaves for sugar and/or molasses.
  • FInally, they would travel back to England where the process continues.
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31
Q

What was the outcome of the war with Mexico in 1846-48?

A
  • The Treaty of Guadalupe came into action
  • It was signed in 1848 and ended the war between Mexico and the United States.
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32
Q

What was the Manifest Destiny doctrine in the United States in the mid-1800s?

A

That the country would stretch all the way from coast to coast and would spread their democracy around the world.

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33
Q

What were clipper ships?

A

Clipper ships were fast, commercial sailing ships that really made trading a lot better as they were specific for that.

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34
Q

What were Clipper ships main routes?

A

They mainly went from America to China.

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35
Q

What was the outcome of Perry’s mission to Japan in 1853-54?

A
  • It was referred to as the most important peacetime battle of the century,
    *Primarily for the U.S. Navy.
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36
Q

What was the last ship in the Continental Navy?

A

the Alliance

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37
Q

What did the Barbary pirate seize in 1784 and 1785?

A

3 U.S. merchant ships

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38
Q

ransom

A

the sum or price paid to redeem American ships

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39
Q

tribute

A

money paid to the Barbary states so merchants could sail in their waters safely

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40
Q

In 1789, what was the Articles of Confederation replaced with?

A

the Constitution

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41
Q

What does the Constitution authorize congress to do?

A

“provide and maintain a Navy”

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42
Q

What happened because of the Napoleon wars?

A

US Merchant ships fell prey to British warships and French privateers

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43
Q

Navy Act of 1794

A
  • Provides for purchase and building of 6 frigates
  • Established the US Navy
  • Carried a cancelation clause in the event of peace with Algiers
    *Washington convinced Congress to complete 3 frigrates in spite of peace
44
Q

Jays Treaty: 1797

A
  • Resolved a number of grievances between the US and British
  • Postponed war with British(War of 1812)
  • Outraged the French
45
Q

Why did the Jay’s treaty outrage the French?

A
  • B/c they’re battling Great Britain
  • In retaliation, French privateers in the West Indies seized over 300 US merchant ships
    *John Adams sent 3 reps. to Paris to work out a settlement with the privateers
46
Q

XYZ Affair

A
  • Congress says “millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” to the French about taking their ships
  • Affair puts U.S. Congress in mode to finish building the 6 frigates
47
Q

What 3 frigates were built in 1794?

A

The President
The Congress
The Chesapeake

48
Q

When did Congress establish the Department of the Navy?

A

30 April 1798

49
Q

Quasi-War with France and U.S.

A
  • Undeclared Naval War
  • President John Adams expanded the Navy
  • Sailors were well paid and well fed
  • Congress authorized capture of armed French ships
50
Q

Who was the first secretary of the Navy?

A

Benjamin Stoddert

51
Q

What ship was captured during the Quasi-War and what was it renamed?

A

Captured: Croyable
Renamed: The Retaliation

52
Q

expedition

A

an excursion, journey, or voyage made for some specific journey

53
Q

commodore

A

an honorary title assumed by an officer commanding a company of ships which was the captain and the highest rank in the U.S. Navy until the Civil War

54
Q

Commodre John Barry

A
55
Q

What commodore fought the two most ships in the Quasi-War on the Constellation?

A

Commodre Thomas Truxton

56
Q

Who was defeated in the ship Retaliation in fall of 1798?

A
  • Lieutenant William Bainbridge
    *The ship was then given to French hands
57
Q

In October of 1800, who signed a treaty ending the undeclared war(Quasi-War)?

A

France

58
Q

Treaty ending Quasi-War

A
  • A clause canceling U.S. claims against the French for attacking
  • Jefferson beat Adams in election of 180 b/c of treaty
59
Q

Why did the British burn the White House?

A
  • Wanted to assert their strength
  • Wanted more land + lakes
60
Q

Who had 12,000 troops in Montreal and 4 brigade from the Peninsular Campaign against Napoleon?

A

Sir George Prevost

61
Q

What was the order of naval grades and seniority in 1806?

A

Captain
Master Commandant
Lieutenant
Sailing Master
Master Mate
Boatswain
Midshipman

62
Q

British forces vs. American forces

A

British
* Frigate Confiance
*37 guns
*3 smaller warships
American
* Corvette Swatoga
*26 guns
* Brig Eagle
*20 guns, 2 sailing vessels, 10 gunboats

63
Q

Master Commandant Thomas Macdonough

A
  • Had a victory at Plattsburg
64
Q

Invasion of New Orleans

A
  • January 1850
  • British General Sirtdward Pakenham
  • American General Andrew Jackson
    *Pakenham marched his men in frontal assault against Jackson riflemen
    *2,000 of his troops got wounded or debt
65
Q

Last land action of the War of 1812

A
  • Battle of Plattsburgh
  • The navy came from the War of 1812 stronger than ever
66
Q

What did steam propulsions bring in?

A
  • Screw propeller
  • Iron hull
  • armour
  • heavy ordnance with the 1st rifled barrels
67
Q

From 1815 to 1860 what happened?

A
  • NO major battles/wars
  • Americans flourish
  • Chief task:
    *protect overseas commerce
    *the sea lanes
68
Q

From 1815 to 1822, what did pirates from the West Indies do?

A

Attacked 3,000 merchant ships

69
Q

In 1819, what did congress authorize President James Monroe to do?

A

Launch a campaign against the pirates

70
Q

Why was whaling so important in the Colonial America early 1700s and until the 1860s?

A
  • Every aspect of a whale was used
  • Used skin, bone, blubber, etc…
  • Also used the oil
71
Q

In 1846, what did Americans have?

A

Over 700 ships for whaling fleets

72
Q

How did whaling end?

A
  • Discovery of oil
    *in 1859, it was discovered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  • Change of styles/needs
    *Umbrellas, clothing, etc…
  • Civil War
    *Confederate raiders attacked and destroyed many Northern whaling fleets
    *1870s: weather killed off the surviving whaling fleets
73
Q

American shipbuilding

A

British investors were buying fishing vessels to harvest schools of fish

74
Q

Why did they put an end to trade in 1822?

A

Damage to American trade became so great in the Caribbean

75
Q

Commodre Porter took command of West Indies squadron and used what?

A

Smaller vessels
Gunboats
First steam powered paddle!

76
Q

Where did American merchant ships in the 18th century expand trade to?

A

Hawaii
The orient
Pacific coast to Columbia river

77
Q

Why were topsail schooners used?

A
  • Combined speed
  • Seaworthiness
  • Easy handling with ample cargo
78
Q

What materials were carried from and to Europe?

A

From: complete materials
To: raw materials

79
Q

What were the living conditions like in package ships?

A
  • For rich:
    *Has luxurious items
  • Everyone else:
    *TERRIBLE
    *poor food
    *without sanitary products
    *packed like sardines
80
Q

What was the lasting effects of the package ships?

A

immigrants to the United States

81
Q

Slave trade

A
  • Developed in 1700s and went to mid 1900s
  • During peak time, many slaves died
  • 15 million black Africans were transported to slavery in triangular trade
82
Q

What was the trade in the slave trade?

A

West Indies gave molasses to Boston
Boston gave rum to northeast
Northeast gave slaves to West Indies

83
Q

What happened following the War of 1812?

A
  • British made treaties with European nations
  • Allowed Royal Navy ships to search and capture ant of their vessels involved in the slave trade
  • us refused to sign treaties
84
Q

In 1819, what did the U.S. Navy authorize the Navy to do?

A

Through conduct anti-slave patrols off the African coast

85
Q

What is the capital of Liberia named and who is it named after?

A

Monravlia
James Monroe

86
Q

China Trade

A

1784: American ships began thriving in part of China trade
1825: American trade with China was 2nd only to that of England
1840: Trade stopped
1842: Reestablished China trade routes

Trade was tea, silk, ivory, and luxuries

87
Q

Clipper ships

A

Very important and useful because of their speed

88
Q

What was the fastest ship(clipper) in the world?

A

The Rainbow

89
Q

Where and when was gold discovered?

A

In 1848 at Sutters Mill, California

90
Q

Why did the Clipper industry collapse?

A
  • Expenses
  • Declining profits
  • Completion of railroads
  • Steamships also overtook
91
Q

When did trade reopen with China and what did Americans do?

A

1842
Americans focused on Japan

92
Q

When was the first continental stagecoach?

A

1858

93
Q

What was isolation from 1637 to 1852?

A
  • Japan isolated from the world
  • Kept Japan in federal state without advances of the society, tech, science, & etc…
94
Q

What was lost face in 1846?

A
  • When you were seen as a weak individual
  • To have suffered disgrace or embarrassment
95
Q

What were Americans 4 interests in Japan?

A
  • The Japanese market
  • A coaling station for ships crossing the Pacific to China
  • Protection for shipwrecked sailors
  • Most favorite nation status
96
Q

What was Perry’s mission?

A

Perry was to carry a letter from President Filmore to the Emperor of Japan.

97
Q

What happened on 8 July 1853?

A
  • Perry with steam frigates anchored at entrance to Tokyo Bay
  • Had his guns ready and accessible
  • Refused to deal with anyone ranks below him
98
Q

What was the Treaty of Kanagawan?

A
  • Signed in March 1854
  • Provided most favorite nation status
99
Q

What ship was sold in 1783?

A

The Alliance

100
Q

What treaty ended the Quasi-War with France?

A

Jays Treaty

101
Q

What battle does the USS Constition get its nickname “old ironsides”?

A

Constitution vs. Gurriere
in 19 August 1812

102
Q

What purchase did Thomas Jefferson make?

A

the deal of the purchase of the Louisiana Territory
*Britain is outraged

103
Q

What was the major industry grow from 1815 to 1860?

A

Slave trade
Shipping industry
Whaling
Triangular Trade

104
Q

Who lead Arervens into battle at Tripoli?

A

Naval Agent William Eaton

105
Q

Why did the United States declare war on the Barbary states less than 2 months after peace treaty was signed?

A

News travels really slow and they didn’t know yet

106
Q

What was the most “peacetime battle” of the 19th century?

A

Perry’s successful mission to Japan

107
Q

When did James Madison become president?

A

1810

108
Q

When James Madison became president, what did he do?

A
  • Lifted the export embargo
  • Ceased importing from any countries with restrictions on U.S. trade
109
Q

Battle of Lake Eire

A
  • Commodre Oliver Hazard Perry
  • He defeated the British forces

NS11 (3 decks)

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