Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - RDA LCRS 2 > Growth in Childhood + development > Flashcards

Growth in Childhood + development Flashcards

1
Q

why is growth measured?

A
  • poor growth in infancy = associated with high childhood morbidity / mortality.
  • Growth = best indicator of health
  • Demonstration of normality of growth by age and stage of puberty
  • Identify disorders of growth
  • Assess obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do you measure length of a baby?

A
  • legs straight

- head and feed against board

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a centile chart?

  • what do they measure ?
A

centile chart = a way of expressing variation within the population.

  • head circumference
  • weight
  • height/length
  • leg length
  • BMI
  • growth velocity
  • specialist charts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Height / Velocity chart is expressed in =

A

cm/ year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do you calculate height velocity ?

A

(height now - height last visit) / (age now - age last visit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main endocrine component that controls growth?

A
  • GH release
  • causes release of IGF1
  • which acts on IGF 1 receptor
  • -> and triggers growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________ axis = regulator of human linear growth

A
  • GH-IGF-1 axis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What factors influence pulsatile secretion ?

A
  • nutrition
  • sleep
  • exercise
  • stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the most rapid phase of growth ?

A

antenatal

  • maternal health + placenta = important factors of growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe growth in infancy

A
  • there is initial growth of approximately 23 - 25 cm in the 1st year
  • there is continued growth
  • nutritionally dependent
  • 9-12 months influence of GH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe growth from infancy - adolescence

A
  • there is similar growth rate in boys + girls
  • GH/IGF1 axis –> drives growth
  • nutrition = less impact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NOTE:

girl - get puberty just before puberty
boys - get puberty just after / towards end of puberty

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what stimulates pubertal growth spurt?

A
  • sex steroids

- GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does a child stop growing?

A
  • bones mature
  • epiphyses fuse at end of puberty
  • final growth –> occurs in spine
  • final epiphyses fuse –> in pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Note:
- most children settle on a centile by about 2 years (until puberty)

  • pattern of growth = more important than position on centiles
A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 7 causes of short stature?

A
  • Genetic
  • Pubertal and growth delay
  • IUGR/SGA (intrauterine growth restriction)
  • Dysmorphic syndromes (e.g down syndrome)
  • Endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, steroid excess)
  • Chronic paediatric disease
  • Psychosocial depravation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NOTE

thyroxine = important for brain development
under 2 hypothyroid –> affects brain development

over 2 hypothyroid –> affects height

A

-

18
Q

What 3 main endocrine problems can cause short stature?

A
  • hypothyroidism
  • growth hormone deficiency
  • steroid excess
19
Q

what is one method to estimate height of an individual

A

mid parental centile

20
Q

What syndrome can cause short stature?

A
  • down syndrome
  • turner syndrome
  • skeletal dysplasia
21
Q

how would you diagnose achondroplasia?

A

measure leg length

  • subischial length
  • compare to normal centiles
22
Q

What are some chronic paediatric disease can deter growth?

A 
Asthma
Sickle cell
Juvenile chronic arthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Crohns disease
Coeliac disease
Cystic fibrosis
Renal failure
Congenital heart disease
23
Q

What are some causes of tall stature?

A

tall parents

early puberty

syndromes eg Marfans

growth hormone excess

24
Q

What are complications associated with obesity?

A 
Type 2 diabetes
Orthopaedic problems
Polycystic ovarian disease
Cardiovascular risk
psychological problems
Cancer
Respiratory difficulties
25
Q

What are syndromes associated with obesity?

A
  • cushings
  • prader willi syndrome
  • lawrence moon biedl syndrome
26
Q

weight

usually shows monogenic / polygenic inheritance

A
  • weight
    usually shows polygenic inheritance
    –> highly heritable
  • monogenic = rare
    (e. g leptin deficiency, leptin receptor deficiency)
27
Q

NOTE

BMI is centile led in children

A

-

28
Q

define growth

A
  • complex interplay between somatic and neurological transformation, psychosocial and environmental influences.
29
Q

What are examples of assessment tools for child growth

A
  • standardised tests
  • schedule of growing skills
  • Griffiths developmental scale
  • bailey developmental scale
30
Q

NOTE
regression of development
e.g could speak –> but now cant
= e.g autism

A

-

31
Q

What are common presenting symptoms of developmental problems in children?

A
  • delayed walker
  • delayed talker
  • hyperactive
32
Q

What are the 2 MAIN types of developmental delay?

A
  • global

- specific

33
Q

in specific developmental delay what are the 5 different parts?

A

???

34
Q

what are some post natal factors influencing developmental delay

A
  • ill health
  • sensory morot impa
  • reduced inherent potential
35
Q

What are causes of global

A
  • chromosomal abnormalities
  • metabolic problems
  • antenatal and perinatal factors
  • environmental / social problems
  • chronic illness
36
Q

what are some causes of language delay?

A
  • hearing loss
  • leanring disability
  • autistic disorder
  • lack of stimulation
37
Q

how would you manage problems in development in children?

A
  • maximise mobility
  • minimise development
  • promote speech and language
  • promore social and emotional health
38
Q

autism

impairment in what 3 domains:

A
  • social interaction
  • communication
  • behaviour, interests, activities
39
Q

WHat are characteristics of ADHD ?

A
  • inattention / increased distractibility
  • poor impulse control (feel very aggressive)
  • motor overactivity and motor restlessness
40
Q

WHat are characteristics of Autism?

A
  • repetitive behaviour

- gait abnormalities (tip toe)

Year 2 - RDA LCRS 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions