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blood science > growth hormone disorder > Flashcards

growth hormone disorder Flashcards

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1
Q

how much does the pituitary gland weigh

A

0.5g

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2
Q

what is the pituitary gland composed of

A

the anterior pituitary (75%) and the posterior pituitary (25%)

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3
Q

what is another name for the anterior pituitary gland

A

adenohypophysis

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4
Q

what is another name for the posterior pituitary gland

A

neurohypophysis

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5
Q

what is the pituitary stalk

A

connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

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6
Q

what does peptides control in the anterior pituitary gland

A

hormones being released

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7
Q

what are examples of hormones released from the anterior pituitary

A
  • FSH and LH
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone
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8
Q

what are examples of the hormones released from the posterior pituitary

A
  • ADH
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9
Q

how many amino acids does the growth hormone have

A

191 amino acids

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10
Q

where is growth hormone synthesised

A

somatotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland

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11
Q

describe the synthesis of growth hormone

A

1) pre-pro growth hormone
2) pro-growth hormone
3) growth hormone

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12
Q

how much growth hormone is released from pituitary gland every 24hrs

A

1.4mg

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13
Q

what is growth hormone mediated by

A

insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1, IGF-2)

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14
Q

what is the action of IGF-1 and IGF-2

A

to promote cellular proliferation and differentiation

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15
Q

what does growth hormone bind to

A

growth hormone binding protein

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16
Q

what are the functions of growth hormone

A
  • increases cellular uptake of amino acids
  • increases the synthesis of proteins
  • increases blood glucose
  • increases fat metabolism
  • promotes epiphyseal bone growth
17
Q

describe the regulation of growth hormone

A
  • growth hormone release can variate
  • its affected by growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin
18
Q

what does the growth hormone releasing hormone do

A

it promotes the release of growth hormone

19
Q

what does somatostatin do

A

it inhibits the release of growth hormone

20
Q

what factors affect the release of somatostatin from the hypothalamus

A
  • increased sleep
  • decreased glucose
  • increased amino acids
21
Q

what factors affect the release of growth hormone releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

A
  • increased exercise
  • increased stress
  • increased amino acids
22
Q

describe how growth hormone is secreted

A

GHRH is released from the hypothalamus and enters the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of growth hormone. this hormone then goes into the liver which produces insulin-like growth factor 1.

23
Q

describe what happens during normal growth

A
  • rapid growth during first 2yrs of life which is only influenced by nutrition (not much growth hormone influence)
  • steady growth for 9yrs which is controlled by growth hormone
  • rapid growth during puberty which is controlled by growth and sex hormones
24
Q

name other hormones involved with growth

A
  • insulin
  • thyroxine
  • cortisol
25
Q

what 2 factors do growth hormone disorders depend on

A

if it’s a growth hormone defieciency/excess and age (child or adult)

26
Q

what is the disorder called in a child with growth hormone deficiency

A

dwarfism

27
Q

what is the disorder called in a child with growth hormone excess

A

gigantism

27
Q

what is the disorder called when adults have growth hormone excess

A

acromegaly

28
Q

what can cause short stature (abnormally below average height) in children

A
  • both parents are short
  • inherited disease eg achondroplasia (short arms and legs)
  • poor nutrition
  • chronic illness
  • psychological factors
  • hormonal disorders eg hypothyrodism
  • growth hormone deficiency (not that common)
29
Q

what can be used to compare growth in children

A

growth chart

30
Q

what is a growth chart

A
  • looks at the growth rate of a child
  • child is measured every 6 months
31
Q

what are the causes of growth hormone deficiency

A
  • non-endocrine tumors of pituitary (prevent the release of GHRH from hypothalamus and GH from pituitary) or hypothalamic origin
  • pituitary disease
  • congenital deficiency of GHRH (cant release GHRH)
32
Q

what are the clinical features of growth hormone deficiency

A
  • short height
  • immature face
  • skeletal immaturity
    -other anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies
33
Q
A

blood science (7 decks)

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