Growth, Development, Puberty, Reproduction

Question 1

growth

Answer 1

increase in body weight until mature size is reached

Question 2

development

Answer 2

directed/planned coordination of all physiological processes until maturity is reached (able to become pregnant, produce offspring, and raise offspring);
can develop fully before reaching full size

Question 3

puberty

Answer 3

Males: when ejaculation occurs with semen production
Females: when estrus is first expressed with ovulation (when enough gonadotropins are being produced to induce follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and ovulation);
-Affected by species, breed, temp, season, and general level of management
-Occurs before 100% mature weight is reached (should rarely breed an animal at first estrus)

Question 4

vulva

Answer 4

female reproductive system;
external part of the reproductive tract;
provides visual signs of heat

Question 5

clitoris

Answer 5

female reproductive system;
erectile tissue;
sensitive to stimulation

Question 6

vagina

Answer 6

female reproductive system;
muscular tube-like organ that connects vulva to cervix;
cows & ewes: semen is naturally deposited here

Question 7

cervix

Answer 7

female reproductive system;
entrance to uterus (physical barrier);
mares & sows: semen is naturally deposited here;
during pregnancy: blocked with mucous plug to prevent infection
during birth: stretches to allow young to be born

Question 8

uterus

Answer 8

female reproductive system;
where the fetus develops;
uterine horns (2 branches of uterus)

Question 9

oviducts

Answer 9

female reproductive system;
fallopian tubes;
uterine horn becomes a small tube;
site of fertilization;
lined with cilia which aid in egg migration

Question 10

ovaries

Answer 10

female reproductive system;
produce eggs;
located at the end of fallopian tubes;
possess a large number of follicles at all stages of development;
at birth females possess their total number of oocytes;
only a limited number of follicles complete development and ovulate;
if not fertilized, the egg is reabsorbed by the body

Question 11

estrous cycle

Answer 11

“Heat”;
cycle in female reproductive system that prepares it for reproduction;
the female is receptive to being bred by male;
ovulation

Question 12

ovulation

Answer 12

the release of oocytes into oviduct

Question 13

follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 13

Estrous Cycle hormone;
FSH;
Day 0;
recruitment of the group of small follicles from the pool of growing follicles on each ovary

Question 14

Luteinizing Hormone

Answer 14

Estrous Cycle hormone;
LH;
Day 3;
stimulation of the continued growth of follicles following selection;
a preovulatory surge of LH results in the ovulation of the ovulatory follicle

Question 15

progesterone

Answer 15

Estrous Cycle hormone;
P4;
Day 4;
inhibits ovulation

Question 16

estradiol

Answer 16

Estrous Cycle hormone;
E2;
Day 1;
elevated concentrations in the absence of progesterone cause behavioral changes associated with standing estrus and cause the release of a surge of GnRH

Question 17

gonadotropin releasing hormone

Answer 17

Estrous Cycle hormone;
GnRH;
Day 2;
causes the preovulatory surge of LH to occur, resulting in ovulation of an ovulatory follicle

Question 18

prostaglandin

Answer 18

Estrous Cycle hormone;
PG;
Day 5;
induces destruction of the Corpus Luteum

Question 19

estrus

Answer 19

phase of Estrous Cycle;
Day 1;
behavioral signs: female is receptive to male and will stand for mating

Question 20

metestrus

Answer 20

phase of Estrous Cycle;
Days 2-4;
ovulation and Corpus Luteum formation

Question 21

diestrus

Answer 21

phase of Estrous Cycle;
Days 5-16;
Corpus Luteum function;
if pregnant --> Anestrus (non-cycling)
if not pregnant --> Proestrus

Question 22

proestrus

Answer 22

phase of Estrous Cycle;
Days 17-21;
rapid follicle growth