Growth & Development Flashcards by Jade Ring

Growth refers to increase in physical size

Development refers to acquisition of skills and capacity to function.

T or F

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Freud 3 levels of awareness

Conscious…

Subconscious…

Unconscious….

Conscious: experiences that are with in ones awareness

Subconscious: Stores memory, thoughts, feelings

Unconscious: Part of mind closed to awarness

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Freud

3 components of personality or mind

Ego

Superego

Conscience Dictates right from wrong

basic primative urges

part of mind most closely related to reality

Id: basic primative urges

Ego: part of mind most closely related to reality

Superego: Conscience Dictates right from wrong,

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Freud Psychoanalytical theory

Stages of dev

Age ranges….

Oral: relief from anxiety through oral gratification….

Anal: learn independence & control, with focus on excretory process

Phallic: identification with same sex parent. Dev of sexual identity, focus on Genital Organs.

Latency: Sexually repressed. Focus on relationship with same sex peers.

Genital: libido reawakened as Genital organs mature. Form sexual relationships

Oral: relief from anxiety through oral gratification. Birth - 1

Anal: learn independence & control, with focus on excretory process 1 - 3 yrs Toddler

Phallic: identification with same sex parent. Dev of sexual identity, focus on Genital Organs. 3 - 6 Preschool

Latency: Sexually repressed. Focus on relationship with same sex peers. 6 - 12 School aged

Genital: libido reawakened as Genital organs mature. Form sexual relationships. 13 - 20

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Erickson

Develop basic trust in mothering figure and able to generalize it to others

Stage & age range….

Birth - 18 months

Trust vs mistrust

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Erickson

Starts to gain selfcontrol & independence within the environment

Stage name & age range…

Autonomy vs Shame and doubt

18 months- 3 years

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Erickson

Start to develop sense of purpose and ability to initiate / direct own activities

Stage & age range

Initiative vs guilt

3 - 6

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Erickson

Achieve self-confidence by learning, competition, receiving recognition from peers / acquaintances

Stage / age range…

Industry vs inferiority

6 - 12 school age

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Erickson

Child begins to gain control over their body and develop independence.

Acquisition of skills, feeding, dressing, mobility, control of elimination.

Support is needed by parents for Child to explore these new skills.

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt.

Toddler 18 months- 3 yrs

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Child beings to explore environment & try different roles

Imagination & curiousity allow child to expand and develop their potential.

Parents need to allow child to explore with safe boundaries.

Erickson

Initiative vs guilt

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New social amd physical skills

School aged children have the maturity to concentrate on learning and working.

Strive for praise and recognition

Erikson

Industry vs inferiority

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Erikson

Intergrate skills mastered in pervious stages into a secure sense of self

Identity vs role confusion

12 - 20

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Form intense lasting relationships or commitment to a cause, institution, or creative effort

Erikson

Intimacy vs isolation

20 - 30

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Achievement of life goals while also considering the welfare of future generations

Erickson

Generativity vs Stagnation

30 - 65

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Review ones life and derive meaning from both positive & negative events while achieving a posistion of self-worth

Erikson

Ego integrity vs despair

65 - death

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Characterized by physiological and emotional change that create turmoil for both chold and family

Cheif concern is emerging sexuality & need for place in society.

Erikson

Identity vs role confusion

Piaget

Schema…

Index filing cards in the brain that grow in number with new experiences

A baby has very few (Hungry, tired)

While adults have many schemas for all their thoughts and experiences in the world

Piaget

Describe difference between

Assimilation vs Accommodation…

Assimilation is adding information to existing schemas (Mental “Index Cards” of information) A new breed of dog added to the dog “Index Card”

Accommodation: New experience that cannot be added to current schemes.

Exp. Child sees a horse for the first time and calls it a dog. Parents correct them and tell them its a horse and describe what a horse is.

A change in knowledge structure

Piaget stages

Birth - 2

2 - 6

6 - 12

12 +

Birth - 2
Sensorimotor:
Mobilty adds awareness and development of self seperate from external environment. Object permanence emerges

2 - 6
Preoperational:
Learn to express self with language. Understanding of Symbolic gestures; achieve object permanence

6 - 12
Concrete operational:
Apply logic. Development of reversibility & spatiality. Differentiate & classify. Socialize & rules

12 +
Formal Operational:
Abstract thinking. Make and test hypothesis. Achieve cognitive maturity

Birth - 2
Sensorimotor:

Piaget

Describe…

Mobilty adds awareness and development of self seperate from external environment. Object permanence emerges

2 - 6

Preoperational:

Piaget

Describe…

Learn to express self with language. Understanding of Symbolic gestures; achieve object permanence

6 - 12
Concrete operational:

Piaget

Describe…

Apply logic. Development of reversibility & spatiality. Differentiate & classify. Socialize & rules

12 +
Formal Operational:

Piaget

Describe…

Abstract thinking. Make and test hypothesis. Achieve cognitive maturity

Piaget

By end of this stage child sees themselves as seperate from objects in their environment

Sensorimotor

Piaget Stage is characterized by egotism. Child sees themselves as the center of the universe and cannot accept other POV

Preoperational

Piaget Begins to think logically and solve problems. Still unable to deal with hypothetical or complex abstract situations. Less egocentric & more social

Concrete operational

Piaget Thinks logically in hypothetical & abstract terms. Demonstrate form and structure organizing thoughts

Formal Operational

Describe Maslows needs

Physiological (Food, water, air) Safety Belongingsness & Love Esteem Self actualización

In maslow physiological needs Sex is included... T or F

Kohlberg Preconventinal <5 Conventinal phase 5 - 12 Post convential >13 How my actions affect other people, affects decession making More abstract & complex decession making Do things to get reward or to avoid consequences

Preconventinal 4 - 10 Do things to get reward or to avoid consequences Conventinal phase 10 - 13 How my actions affect other people, affects decession making Post convential >13 More abstract & complex decession making

Kohlberg Punishment & obedience orientation. Instrumental relativist orientation Stage...

Preconventinal 4- 10

Kohlberg Interpersonal concordance orientation Law & order orientation Stage...

Conventional 10 - 13

Kohlberg Social contract legalistic orientation Universal ethnical principle orientation Stage...

Postconvential >13

Kohlberg Preconventinal 4 - 10 Stage 1. Behavior motivated by fear and punishment 2. Behavior motivated by egocentric self

Punishment and Obedience orientation 1. Behavior motivated by fear and punishment Instrumental relativist orientation 2. Behavior motivated by egocentric self

Kohlberg Conventional 10 - 13 Stage 3. Behavior motivated by expectation of others, desire for approval & acceptance 4. Behavior motivated by respect fir authority Interpersonal concordance orientation Law and order orientation

Interpersonal concordance orientation 3. Behavior motivated by expectation of others, desire for approval & acceptance Law and order orientation 4. Behavior motivated by respect fir authority

Kohlberg Postconvential >13 5. Motivated by respect for universal laws and moral principles; guided by set if internal values 6. Behavior motivated by internalized principles of honor, justice, and respect for human dignity. Guided by conscience. Universal ethical principle orientation Social contract legalistic orientation

Social contract legalistic orientation 5. Motivated by respect for universal laws and moral principles; guided by set if internal values Universal ethical principle orientation 6. Behavior motivated by internalized principles of honor, justice, and respect for human dignity. Guided by conscience

The stages of autonomy vs. shame and doubt (age range) and initiative vs. guilt (age range) come from Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

Autonomy vs Shame (Toddlerhood) Initiative vs guilt (Preschool

Erickson Encouraging independence in basic tasks builds confidence, while excessive control leads to self-doubt. Encouraging creativity and decision-making fosters leadership, while discouraging exploration leads to guilt and hesitation.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: Encouraging independence in basic tasks builds confidence, while excessive control leads to self-doubt. Initiative vs. Guilt: Encouraging creativity and decision-making fosters leadership, while discouraging exploration leads to guilt and hesitation.