growth & Dev Flashcards
___________ - determines the potential of the child
___________ - influences the extent to which the child achieved that potential
Heredity
Environment
Physical needs
Warmth, clothing, shelter Activity with rest Good health Food Funcitoning senses
Psychological Needs
Personal identity, self respect & independence Affection and care Play Opportunity to learn from experience Role models Security
Factors affecting growth and development
Genetics
Prenatal, Perinatal, Postnatal factors
Examples of genetic d/o
Down syndrome
Inborn errors of metab (28)
Autism
Multiple pregnancy
Susceptible to hypoxia and birth trauma
= cerebral palsy, mental retardation, etc
Dilantin/phenytoin during pregnancy
Fetal hydantoin syndrome
- wide fontanel, braod nasal bridge, short neck, microcephaly, cleft lip/palate
Yellow staining of teeth
Tetracycline
Barbiturates/diazepam during labor
Can depress resp center = no breathing
Smoking
Reduces birth weight
Alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome
Low birth weight
IUGR intra uterine growth retardation
Mental retardation
Mercury poisoning
Microcephaly, cerebral palsy, autism(?)
Infections in pregnancy
THARCHS / TORCH Toxoplasmosis Other - Hepa H Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes Syphilis AIDS
Maternal stress
Prematurity, low birth weight, husband
Older mother, more than 35 yo
CNS anomalies, Down’s syndrome
Younger mothers
Autism
Advanced paternal age
Achondroplasia craniostenosis with syndactyly (Apert's syndrome) Osteogenesis imperfect Congenital deafness Congenital heart disease
Maternal malnutrition
Increased infant morbidity, preterm delivery, anemia and perinatal mortality
Prematurity
Cerebral palsy, visual and hearing impariments, learning d/o, hyperactivity
Post maturity
Increased incidence of fetal distress, hypoxia, perinatal morbidity & mortality
Asphyxia
Crrebral palsy, low mean IQ
Anesthesia for babies
Glucose
First 6/7 days
Perinatal
Post natal
First 3 years
First 3 years
Postnatal
Critical period for cognitive and emotional development
Four general principles in development
Development is orderly and cumulative
Development is progressive
Development in one sphere doesnt serve as a valid proxy for development in other spheres
Development is affected by several factors
Early sign of autism
Regression
Early locomotor patterns
Immobile infant
Commando crawl, bottom shuffling (cerebral palsy)
Crawling on all four extremities
Walking toddler
Development pattern for the fist year of life
Cephalocaudal pattern
Cephalocaudal pattern of behavior
- Regards
- Smiles (spontaneous)
- Turns head
- Holds head
- Rolls over
- Transfers objects
- Sits briefly
- Creeps
- Pulls up
- Cruises
- Walks with support
- Stands alone
Prerequisites for adaptive skills
Fine motor skills
Significance of knowing Growth & development
- To monitor child’s progress
- To identify delays or abnormalities in development
- To counsel parents & prescribe treatment
Object permanence is usually fully developed at…
1 year old
