growth & Dev

Question 1

___________ - determines the potential of the child

___________ - influences the extent to which the child achieved that potential

Answer 1

Heredity

Environment

Question 2

Physical needs

Answer 2

Warmth, clothing, shelter
Activity with rest
Good health
Food
Funcitoning senses

Question 3

Psychological Needs

Answer 3

Personal identity, self respect & independence
Affection and care
Play
Opportunity to learn from experience
Role models 
Security

Question 4

Factors affecting growth and development

Answer 4

Genetics

Prenatal, Perinatal, Postnatal factors

Question 5

Examples of genetic d/o

Answer 5

Down syndrome
Inborn errors of metab (28)
Autism

Question 6

Multiple pregnancy

Answer 6

Susceptible to hypoxia and birth trauma

= cerebral palsy, mental retardation, etc

Question 7

Dilantin/phenytoin during pregnancy

Answer 7

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

- wide fontanel, braod nasal bridge, short neck, microcephaly, cleft lip/palate

Question 8

Yellow staining of teeth

Answer 8

Tetracycline

Question 9

Barbiturates/diazepam during labor

Answer 9

Can depress resp center = no breathing

Question 10

Smoking

Answer 10

Reduces birth weight

Question 11

Alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 11

Low birth weight
IUGR intra uterine growth retardation
Mental retardation

Question 12

Mercury poisoning

Answer 12

Microcephaly, cerebral palsy, autism(?)

Question 13

Infections in pregnancy

Answer 13

THARCHS / TORCH
Toxoplasmosis
Other - Hepa H
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
Syphilis
AIDS

Question 14

Maternal stress

Answer 14

Prematurity, low birth weight, husband

Question 15

Older mother, more than 35 yo

Answer 15

CNS anomalies, Down’s syndrome

Question 16

Younger mothers

Answer 16

Autism

Question 17

Advanced paternal age

Answer 17

Achondroplasia
craniostenosis with syndactyly (Apert's syndrome)
Osteogenesis imperfect
Congenital deafness
Congenital heart disease

Question 18

Maternal malnutrition

Answer 18

Increased infant morbidity, preterm delivery, anemia and perinatal mortality

Question 19

Prematurity

Answer 19

Cerebral palsy, visual and hearing impariments, learning d/o, hyperactivity

Question 20

Post maturity

Answer 20

Increased incidence of fetal distress, hypoxia, perinatal morbidity & mortality

Question 21

Asphyxia

Answer 21

Crrebral palsy, low mean IQ

Question 22

Anesthesia for babies

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

First 6/7 days

Answer 23

Perinatal

Question 24

Post natal

Answer 24

First 3 years

Question 25

First 3 years

Postnatal

Answer 25

Critical period for cognitive and emotional development

Question 26

Four general principles in development

Answer 26

Development is orderly and cumulative
Development is progressive
Development in one sphere doesnt serve as a valid proxy for development in other spheres
Development is affected by several factors

Question 27

Early sign of autism

Answer 27

Regression

Question 28

Early locomotor patterns

Answer 28

Immobile infant
Commando crawl, bottom shuffling (cerebral palsy)
Crawling on all four extremities
Walking toddler

Question 29

Development pattern for the fist year of life

Answer 29

Cephalocaudal pattern

Question 30

Cephalocaudal pattern of behavior

Answer 30

1. Regards
2. Smiles (spontaneous)
3. Turns head
4. Holds head
5. Rolls over
6. Transfers objects
7. Sits briefly
8. Creeps
9. Pulls up
10. Cruises
11. Walks with support
12. Stands alone

Question 31

Prerequisites for adaptive skills

Answer 31

Fine motor skills

Question 32

Significance of knowing Growth & development

Answer 32

1. To monitor child’s progress
2. To identify delays or abnormalities in development
3. To counsel parents & prescribe treatment

Question 33

Object permanence is usually fully developed at…

Answer 33

1 year old