Growth and reproduction Flashcards
What is cell divison?
Cell division is the process when new cells are formed. It happens when a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. This process allows the body to grow and replace cells.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is a type of cell division where one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells (daughter cells) that are genetically identical to itself, receiving a complete set of chromosomes from the parent cell.
What is sexual reproduction? Give examples
Where a new individual is produced from two genetically different parents. A sperm cell and egg cell is needed.
E.g, Humans and mammals.
What is asexual reproduction? Give examples
Requires only one parent and occurs when a new individual grows from part of the parent’s body. It does not involve sperm or eggs. The new individual is produced by mitosis (cell division).
E.g, starfish, honey bees, wasps.
What is a gamete and where is it found?
A gamete is a reproductive cell of an animal or plant and it is found in the reproductive organs.
What is a zygote?
A zygote is a fertilised egg cell.
What are the parts of a flower?
Petal
Stem
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovule
Anther
Filament
Describe the role of the flower, root, stem, and leaf in flowering plants
Flowers are the reproductive structures in plants that produce gametes and allow . fertilisation.
The main function of the root is to take in water and nutrients. Roots also hold down the plant.
The stem transports water and nutrients up from the roots to the leaves and transports sugar from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Leaves are the main organ responsible for turning sunlight into food because of the green pigment that absorbs sunlight which is one of the important ingredients in the food-making process.
Describe the functions of the uterus, ovary and fallopian tube
Uterus: A thick walled muscular organ. The baby will grow and develop here and the uterus can stretch to many times its size. Each month, Its lining becomes thick with a rich blood supply preparing for fertilisation.
Ovary: There are 2 ovaries, one on each side of the uterus, and are connected to the fallopian tubes. The eggs are produced in the ovaries. Each month they release an egg. The egg forms in a capsule called a follicle and then bursts out.
Fallopian tube: The fallopian tubes (or oviducts) are tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus and are where the egg passes on its way down to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tubes.
Describe the function of the vagina and cervix
Vagina: A flexible tube that connects the uterus to the vulva. It provides a passageway for blood to leave the body during a menstrual period, a passageway for childbirth and for sexual reproduction.
Cervix: A ring of muscle at the lower part of the uterus and its job is to hold the uterus tightly closed while the baby is developing. This protects the baby in the womb. The cervix opens up when the baby is about to be born.
Describe the process of fertilisation
Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tube when the sperm enters the uterus from the cervix and swim into the fallopian tube. If there is an egg there, hundreds of sperm swarm over the eggs surface but only one sperm cell will bury itself into the egg and immediately the egg’s surface changes to ensure no more sperm can enter.
What is a blastocyst?
A hollow ball of cells.
Another word for fallopian tube?
Oviduct.
What is a placenta and why is it important?
The placenta develops and forms from branching structures called villi, which are on the outside of the blastocyst. This new organ contains membranes and blood vessels that allow nutrients and oxygen from the mother to enter the baby. It also allows the embryo’s waste materials to enter the mother’s blood.
