Growth And Reproduction

Question 1

Define cell division

Answer 1

Cells divide into two new cells, allowing for repair, growth, and replacement of tissues.

Question 2

What is mitosis?

Answer 2

A type of cell division where a nucleus divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 3

What is the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Asexual reproduction requires one parent and results in genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces genetically varied offspring.

Question 4

What are gametes?

Answer 4

Specialized cells formed in meiosis, containing half the normal number of chromosomes.

Question 5

What is a zygote?

Answer 5

The cell formed by the fusion of an egg cell and a sperm cell, consisting of 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs.

Question 6

What is internal fertilisation?

Answer 6

Fertilisation that occurs inside the female body, typically in the fallopian tube. The advantage of this is that there is a good chance of a sperm meeting the egg and a baby developing. This is because it is protected from drying out and dangerous factors as well as being in close contact.

Question 7

What is external fertilisation?

Answer 7

Fertilisation that occurs outside the body, often in a watery environment. The female lays her eggs in a watery environment (eg ocean) and then a male will release his sperm at the same time or within a few minutes over the top of the eggs. Not all the eggs will be fertilised.

Question 8

List the parts of a flower.

Answer 8

• Sepals
• Petals
• Stamen
• Anther
• Filament
• Carpel
• Stigma
• Style
• Ovary
• Ovule
• Peduncle

Question 9

What is the role of flowers in flowering plants?

Answer 9

Flowers are the reproductive parts that facilitate pollination and seed development.

Question 10

What is the primary role of roots in flowering plants?

Answer 10

To absorb water and nutrients and anchor the plant.

Question 11

What function do stems serve in flowering plants?

Answer 11

Stems transport water from roots to leaves and food from leaves to the rest of the plant.

Question 12

What is the main function of leaves in flowering plants?

Answer 12

To produce food for the plant through photosynthesis.

Question 13

Identify the parts of the female reproductive system.

Answer 13

• Uterus
• Cervix
• Vagina
• Ovum
• Ovary
• Fallopian tube

Question 14

What occurs during fertilisation?

Answer 14

The sperm and egg fuse to create a zygote with a full set of chromosomes.

Question 15

Where does fertilisation usually occur?

Answer 15

In the fallopian tube.

Question 16

Outline the steps from ovulation to implantation.

Answer 16

• Sperm fertilises the egg within 24 hours of ovulation
• Zygote forms
• Zygote undergoes cell division to become a blastocyst
• Blastocyst implants in the uterus after about 5 days

Question 17

What is the role of the placenta?

Answer 17

To allow nutrient and oxygen transfer from mother to baby and waste removal from the baby.