Body Systems Continued Flashcards
What is mechanical digestion?
The process of physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to prepare for chemical digestion.
What is chemical digestion?
The process that uses enzymes to break down nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules for absorption.
Where does chemical digestion occur?
In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
Define respiration in the context of cellular processes.
A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP for energy.
Differentiate between respiration and breathing.
Breathing is a mechanical process of inhaling and exhaling air; respiration is a biochemical process that occurs in cells.
What are the main parts of the human respiratory system?
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Lungs
- Bronchioles
- Bronchi
- Alveoli
- Diaphragm
*bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli all come off of the trachea
What occurs in the alveoli during gas exchange?
Oxygen moves from the lungs to the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs.
How is breathing rate linked to respiration rate?
The respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken per minute; they are the same thing.
List the main components of the circulatory system.
- Heart
- Blood
- Blood vessels
Describe the structure of the heart.
The heart consists of 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles, with valves to direct blood flow.
What is the function of arteries?
To carry blood away from the heart.
What is the function of veins?
To carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart.
What are capillaries?
The smallest blood vessels with walls only one cell thick, allowing for slow blood flow.
Define excretion.
The removal of waste material such as urine, sweat, and carbon dioxide from the body.
What is the excretory role of the lungs?
Removal of carbon dioxide and some water produced during cellular respiration.
What do the kidneys remove from the blood?
- Urea
- Salt
- Water
What are the functions of the skeleton?
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
How do ligaments function?
They connect two bones together, stabilizing joints.
What is the function of tendons?
To attach muscles to bones and allow for movement.
What are muscles responsible for?
Pumping blood, supporting movement, and performing various physical tasks.
How does the heart function?
the heart pumps blood around the body, it contains 4 chambers- 2 atrium and 2 ventricles. The RHS has deoxygenated blood, the RHS accepts blood from the body and sends it to the lungs. The LHS has oxygenated blood, the LHS accepts blood from the lungs and sends it to the rest of the body.
Function of arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and divide to form smaller arterioles. Arteries carry deoxygenated blood, they contain strong, thick and elastic walls. They carry high pressure blood, and are thicker walled than veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Function of veins
Veins carry deoxygenated blood, contain valves to prevent the blood flowing the wrong way. They carry low pressure blood. They are thinner walled than arteries and carry blood back towards the heart.
Function of capillaries
The capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. The walls are only one cell thick, they are so small red blood cells can just fit through them. Capillaries have a small layer of cells so blood can flow easily, they carry blood that is not under pressure, and carry blood very slowly. Capillaries reach nearly every cell of the body, capillaries join together, forming veins
