Growth And Puberty Flashcards
Why do you measure children?
They provide a sensitive indication of health in childhood. Great rates and narrowly defined and healthy children with adequate nutrition and emotional supportive environment. Changes and great for it can provide an early insensitive point to healthcare problems in children
What are important determinants of growth
Parental phenotype and genotype, quality and duration of pregnancy, nutrition, specific set stem and organ integrity, psychosocial environment, growth promoting hormones and factors
What is another word for Growth?
ChrondroGenesis
What are regulators of growth
Endocrine signals, nutrition, inflammatory cytokines, Extracellular fluid, oxygen deficiency, acidosis, toxins
What factors are measured in growth?
Parental height, weight gain, social inequalities and ethnic background
What are the different stages of the assessment of growth?
- initial measurement - Routine screening, on the basis of concern
- recording
- interpretation
- action - If no concern = Continue routine chat
- if possible concern = specific plan and follow-up to aid evaluation
- if great concern = referral for fuller assessment
What is achondroplasia
genetic disorder whose primary feature is dwarfism
What is the condition associated with short limbs
Hypochondroplasia
What is associated with short back and long legs
Delayed puberty
What does head circumference interpretation depend on
Centile position, adherence to or deviation from a centre position with serial measurements, relation to body size degree of correlation with length forward – height and weight centile positions, features of sutures and fontanelles and evidence of abnormal intercranial pressure, familial factors
What are reasons of unreliable measurements of head circumference
Inaccuracy- faulty technique, faulty equipment
Uncooperative child, different observers, different times of the day
What equation predicts a boy’s height
Fathers height plus (mothers height +12.5 cm) divided by two
What equation predicts a girls height
Mothers height plus (fathers height -12.5 cm) divided by two
When do you have the fastest growth rate
In utero and infancy
When does Growth end
Fusion of epiphyses
What stage do you use to measure puberty?
Tanner staging
What is Tanner stage 1 in boys?
Pre-puberty no pubic hair
Testicular length less than 2.5 cm
Test stick your volume less than 3 millilitres
What is Tanners stage two in boys
Sparse growth of slightly curly pubic hair, mainly at the base of peanuts
Testes larger than 3 mL and larger than 2.5 cm and longest diameter
Scrotum thinning and reddening
What is Tanners stage three in boys
Thicker and curlier hair spread to Mons PUbis
Growth of penis in width and length further growth of testes
What is Tanner is stage four in boys
Adult type hair Not yet spread to medial surface of thighs
Penis further enlarged
Testes larger
Darker scrotal skin colour
What is stage five of Tanners in boys
Adult type hair spread to meet your surface of phis thighs
Genitalia adult size and shape
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
genetic condition that results when a boy is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome. Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition affecting males, and it often isn’t diagnosed until adulthood.
Klinefelter syndrome may adversely affect testicular growth, resulting in smaller than normal testicles, which can lead to lower production of testosterone. The syndrome may also cause reduced muscle mass, reduced body and facial hair, and enlarged breast tissue. The effects of Klinefelter syndrome vary, and not everyone has the same signs and symptoms.
What chromosomes does someone with Klinefelter syndrome have
47, XXY
What is the presentation of Klinefelter syndrome
Primary hypogonadism Azoospermia and gynaecomastia Reduced secondary sexual hair Osteoporosis Tall stature Reduced IQ in 40% 20% increase in breast cancer
