Growth and Differentiation Flashcards
Why are the cells in the body not the same?
Because they grow and develop and differentiate.
What is a stem cell?
Where a cell can become any type of cell needed, undifferentiated.
What happens when a cell differentiates?
It produces certain sub-cellular structures to become a specialised cell so it is adapted to its function
Give an example of a specialised cell?
A muscle cell
What do most specialised cells divide by?
Mitosis, but they can only form the same type of cell.
Adult stem cells replace…
dead or damaged cells
Nerve cells do not…
Divide once they are differentiated, if they are damaged then they can not be replaced.
Mature animal cells have little to no..
growth.
Animal cells differentiate when…
they are at their early stage of lives.
Plant cells differentiate…
…throughout lives
Where are undifferentiated cells made in a plant?
At the tips of growing roots/ meristems
What are meristems?
Mitosis takes place there continuously, found at the growing tips
What happens if you cut a plant and put hormone powder on the cut?
By putting hormone powder on the cut it will stimulate differentiation then put the plant into the soil, the genes will switch on and develop roots you can do this again to clone
How do you clone plants?
By cutting a leaf the meristem will undergo mitosis and make tissues, like xylems and phloems and photosynthetic cells, the new plant will be identical.
Why can’t animals be cloned?
Because they clone embryonically which is permanently because it is mitosis
