Growth And Development Part 2 Flashcards by Venessa Marie Pagalilauan

At what age is lack of smile or other joyful expressions a red flag

6 months

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At what age is lack of reciproocal vocalizations, smiles or other facial expressions a red flag

9 months

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At what age is failure to respond to name when called a red flag

12 months

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At what age is absence of babbing a red flag

12 months

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At what age is lack of reciprocal gestures such as showing, reaching or waving a red flag

12 months

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At what age is lack of proto-declarative pointing or other showing getures a red flag

15 months

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At what age is lack of single words a red flag

15 months

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At what age is lack of simple pretend play a red flag

18 months

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At what age is lack of spoken language/gesture combinations a red flag

18 months

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At what age is lack of two-word meaningful phrases (without imitating or repeating) a red flag

24 months

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At what age is loss of previously aquired babbling, speech or social skills a red flag

At any age

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At what age is lack of steady head control while sitting a red flag

4 months

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At what age is inability to sit a red flag

9 months

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At what age is inability to walk independently a red flag

18 months

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At what age is ”does not alert or quiet to sound” a red flag

2 months

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At what age is ”does not turn to source of sound” a red flag

6 months

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At what age is ”does not respond to own name a red flag

10 months

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At what age is ”does not follow verbal routines/games” a red flag

12 months

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Does not understand simple questions
Does not stop when told NO
Does not understanf at least 3 different words

At what age are the abovementioned considered a red flag

15 months

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Does not point to 3 body parts
Does not follow simple commands

At what age are the abovementioned considered a red flag

18 months

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At what age is ”does not follow 2 part commands” a red flag

30 months

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At what age is lack of ”answering simple questions” a red flag

36 months

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At what age is ”Does not coo” considered a red flag

6 months

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At what age is ”Does not babble” considered a red flag

10 months

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At what age is **”absence of nonverbal purposeful messages (show objects)”** considered a red flag

12 months

At what age is **”absence of pointing”** considered a red flag

14 months

At what age is **does not say 3 different spontaneous words”** considered a red flag

16 months

If the vocabulary of an infant is not more than 35-50 words, it is considered a red flag by what age?

24 months

The child does not produce 2-word phrases. This is a red flag at what age

24 months

The child has no simple sentences. This is a red flag at what age

36 months

At what age is **Intelligibility to unfamiliar adults as <50%** a red flag

42 months

Not able to tell or retell a familiar story. This is considered a red flag at what age?

54 months

The child is not fully unitelligible to an unfamiliar adult. This is a red flag at what age

60 months

The child is not fully mature to speech sounds. This is a red flag at what age

>72 months

Ideal Body Weight Formula for Infants aged 0-6 months

Age (mos) X 600 + BW

Ideal body weight formula for infants aged 7-12 months

Age (mos) x 500 + BW

Ideal body weight formula for children aged 1-6 years

Age (years) x 2 + 8

Ideal body weight formula of children 7-12 years of age

(Age (years) x 7 - 5) / 2

This is the most powerful tool in growth assessment

Growth Chart ## FOOTNOTE Used in combination with accurate measurements of height, weight, head circumference and calculation of the BMI

Provides an assessment of truncal growth relative to limb growth

Upper-to-lower body segment ratio (U/L ratio)

The length from the top of the symphysis pubis to the floor

Lower-body segment

The total height minus the lower-body segment

Upper body segment

Approximate U/L ratio at birth; at 3 years and 7 years

1.7; 1.3 and. 1.0

True or False Higher U/L ratios are characteristic of hypogonadism or Marfan syndrome

False ## FOOTNOTE Higher U/L ratios are characteristic of short-limb dwarfism, as occurs with Turner syndrome or bone disorders, whereas lower ratios suggest hypogonadism or Marfan Syndrom

This is a measurement of the distance between the tips of the middle fingers while the patient stands with the back against the wall with arms outstretched horizontally at a 90-degree angle to the trunk.

Arm span ## FOOTNOTE span should be close to height, although the proportion changes with age

The average difference in stature between males and females is

5 inches or 13 cm

Formula for sex-adjusted midparental height in males

[(Maternal height + 5 inches) + Paternal Height]/2

Formula for sex-adjusted midparental height in females

[Maternal height + (Paternal height - 5 inchhes)]/2

How many inches is apploed above and below the value of miidparrental height, which would provide **genetic tarhet height range**

± 4 inches

What are the four major phases of growth?

Fetal, Infantile, Childhood and Adoloscence

is the fastest growth phase, with maternal, placental, fetal, and environmental factors playing key roles

Fetal growth

This phase of growth is particularly sensitive to nutrition as well as congenital conditions.

Infantile growth

This phase of growth is often the **most steady and predictable**. During this phase the height percentile is fairly consistent in otherwise healthy children.

Childhood growth

This growth is associated with a decrease in growth velocity before the onset of puberty; this deceleration tends to be more pronounced in males.

Adoloscent growth

Growth velocity during childhood

6 cm/yr

Growth velocity during infancy (birth-12 mos)

24 cm/yr

Growth velocity during infancy (12-24 mos)

10 cm/yr

Growth velocity during infancy (24-36 months)

8 cm/yr

Growth velocity among **girls** during adoloscence

8 cm/yr

Growth velocity among **boys** during adoloscence

10 cm/yr

These hormones are the primary drivers of growth

Testosterone and estrogen

At what Tanner stage do females typically experience growth acceleration

Tanner stage 3 ## FOOTNOTE With breast development

At what Tanner stage do males typically experience growth acceleration

Tanner Stage 4 ## FOOTNOTE For pubic hair development

This is is defined as **achievement of height velocity that is less than expected for a child’s age and sex** (and pubertal development if relevant) or a **downward crossing of more than 2 percentile lines for height on the growth chart**

Growth failure

Defined as growing either **below expected genetic potential** or growing **below −2 SD for age and sex**

Short stature