Growth and Development

Question 1

What age is a child who can identify 1 or more body parts (up to 4 parts), build a tower of 4 cubes, use a cup well, walk up stairs 2 feet per step with hand held, follows simple command, and speak 10-25 words?⁰

Answer 1

18 months old

Question 2

What age is a child who can use 3-word phrases of which 75% is intelligible to a stranger, can identify 2 colors, and can draw a circle and cross, but not a square?

Answer 2

3 years old

Question 3

What age is a child who can dress themselves (except buttons in back), go up and down stairs with one foot on each step, and can balance on 1 foot for 2-3 seconds?

Answer 3

3 years old

Question 4

What age is a child who can go up and down stairs 2 feet each step, jump off the ground with 2 feet, build a tower of 6 blocks, use a spoon well, and speak 50-100 words which is 50% intelligible to stranger, uses personal pronouns and can identify 6 body parts?

Answer 4

24 months or 2 years old

Question 5

At what age do children usually start using cooperative play?

Answer 5

3-4 years old

from 18-24 months, they engage in parallel play

Question 6

What age is a child who can crawl, pull to stand, start cruising furniture, looks for dropped objects (object permanence), starting to use pincer grasp, says Mama/Dada nonspecifically and engages in polysyllabic babbling?

Answer 6

9 month old

Question 7

What age is a child who can take few independent steps, walk on level ground with 1 hand held, scribble after demonstration, secure pincer grasp (using fingertip and distal thumb), starting to engage in symbolic play, says Mama/Dad specifically and 1-2 other words?

Answer 7

12 month old child

Question 8

At what age can a child draw a square?

Answer 8

4 years old

Question 9

At what age can a child draw a triangle?

Answer 9

5 years old

Question 10

What are signs suspicious for Autism at 6 months of age?

Answer 10

1. absence of social smile

2. failing to regard face

Question 11

What are signs suspicious for Autism at 12 months of age?

Answer 11

1. no pointing
2. no babbling
3. no use of gestures

Question 12

When does the AAP recommend routine screening for Autism?

Answer 12

18 and 24 months

using MCHAT

Question 13

At what age can most children (90%) sit without support?

Answer 13

7 months

Question 14

At what age can most children start walking without help?

Answer 14

13 months

Question 15

At what age can most children cruise furniture?

Answer 15

11 months

Question 16

How do you calculate mid-parental height?

Answer 16

girls (inches): mother’s height + (father’s height -5) / 2

boys (inches): father’s height + (mother’s height + 5) / 2

use 13 cm instead of 5 in if in cm

Question 17

What is the minimum linear growth rate expected during pre-adolescent years?

Answer 17

2 inches or 5 cm per year

Question 18

A child presents with short stature, growing parallel to standard curves or just below for height and weight, has normal weight-for-height and skin fold thickness, and bone age is consistent with chronologic age most likely suffers from …

Answer 18

Familial short stature

Question 19

What is the average weight, height and head circumference for a 12 month old?

Answer 19

weight: 10 kg
height: 75 cm
head circumference: 45 cm

Question 20

What is the average weight, height, and head circumference for a 24 month old?

Answer 20

weight: 12 kg
height: 86 cm
head circumference: 48 cm

Question 21

What is the most common type of craniosynostosis?

Answer 21

premature fusion of the midline sagittal suture (scaphocephaly or dolichocephaly)

-long narrow skull

Question 22

At what age can a child be found to be able to lift his head 90 degrees while prone, have no head lag, and starting to roll from front to back?

Answer 22

4 months of age

Question 23

At what age can a child lift his head off the examine table in anticipation of being lifted, transfer an object from hand to hand, roll back to front and sit with support?

Answer 23

6 months of age

Question 24

At what age can a child start to lift her head 45 degrees off the exam table, smile socially, track objects 180 degrees, still has head lag, has palmar grasp reflex, and has Moro reflex?

Answer 24

2 months of age

Question 25

An infant aged 2 weeks to 6 months old who presents with increased extensor tone in both arm and leg on the side his head passively turns to and increased flexor muscles of arm and leg on opposite side most likely suffers from ….

Answer 25

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex

normal primitive reflex; reassurance if within 2 weeks to 6 months of age

Question 26

What is the typical age range for the rooting reflex?

Answer 26

birth to 4 months old

Question 27

What is the typical age range for the parachute reflex (extend their arms forwards as if to break a fall)?

Answer 27

develops at 6-9 months and persists for life

one of the balance and equilibrium tests

Question 28

What is the typical age range for the Moro reflex?

Answer 28

birth to 3-6 months old

Question 29

When is an up-going Babinski (extensor plantar) response pathologic (indicative of brain or spinal cord lesion)?

Answer 29

if persists beyond 2-3 years old

usually disappears between 9-12 months of age

Question 30

What is the normal expectation for a premature baby without co-morbidities to complete catch up growth (for weight, height and development)?

Answer 30

2 years of age

Question 31

At what age can most children regard and rake a small object with the thumb adducted, the proximal and distal thumb joints flexed and the fingers extended?

Answer 31

6 months of age

Question 32

What are the criteria for bariatric surgery in a pediatric patient?

Answer 32

1. physiologically mature adolescent (SMR 4/5)
2. failure to lose weight after 6 months of organized
   3a. BMI > 120% of 95th percentile with severe comorbidity (poorly controled T2DM, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, pseudotumor cerebri)
   3b. BMI > 140% of 95th percentile with less severe comorbidities

Question 33

At what age does object permanence emerge?

Answer 33

Between 9 and 12 months

allows for playing peek a boo

Question 34

What cognitive stages of development might be seen in a 4 year old?

Answer 34

1. Magical thinking (belief that they can with the disease away)
2. Immanent Justice (child perceives their own illness as punishment for some misdeed)

Question 35

What age is a child who can walk alone, squat to pick up toys but crawls upstairs, makes a tower of 2 cubes, uses a cup, starts to scribble spontaneously but can not make vertical line or circle, can turn page of book, points to objects to express interest, and has 3-5 words?

Answer 35

15 months old

Question 36

At what age can a child state his age, tell his full name, can identify 2-3 colors, use plurals, can ask who/ what questions, and form 3 word sentences?

Answer 36

3 years old

Question 37

At what age can a child walk downstairs, hop, cut with scissors, speak intelligibly with 6-8 word sentences, define words, copy triangle, name 5 colors, count 10 objects, dress and undress themselves, and apologize when a mistake is made?

Answer 37

5 year old

Question 38

What is the average head circumference for a term newborn?

Answer 38

33-37 cm

Question 39

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with bilateral premature closure of coronal sutures (brachycephaly), midface hypoplasia, proptosis, normal intelligence, and normal hands and feet?

Answer 39

Crouzon syndrome

most common craniosynostosis syndrome; 1/3 develop hydrocephalus

Question 40

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with premature closure of multiple sutures (often bicoronal synostosis), syndactyly of hands and feet with characteristic mitten hand and intellectual disability?

Answer 40

Apert syndrome

Question 41

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with fusion of multiple sutures (often lambdoid and sagittal sutures), syndactyly, intellectual disability, and somtimes CHD/ orthopedic abnormalities/ corneal opacities?

Answer 41

Carpenter syndrome

Question 42

What is the likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with macrocephaly, excessive physical growth in early childhood, and intellectual disability?

Answer 42

Soto syndrome

Cerebral gigantism

Question 43

By what age can most children ump off the ground with 2 feet up?

Answer 43

30 months old

Question 44

By what age can most children balance on 1 foot for 6-10 seconds?

Answer 44

4 years old

Question 45

At what age can 90% of children walk well unassisted (without help)?

Answer 45

15 months

Question 46

How do you determine the age equivalent (age level) of a child’s drawing of a person?

Answer 46

each point coverts to 1/4 added to the base of 3

1 point credited for each: 2 eyes, 2 ears, a nose, a mouth, hair, 2 arms, 2 legs, 2 hands, 2 feet, a neck and a trunk

Question 47

How do you determine how old a child is based on a drawing on a person?

Answer 47

You add 1/4 of a year to the base of 3 for each of the following:
2 eyes, nose, 2 arms, 2 legs, trunk, hair, 2 ears, mouth, 2 hands, 2 feet, neck

Question 48

At what age does the Babinski (extensor plantar response) disappear?

Answer 48

9-12 months old

Question 49

What are risk factors for obesity is children?

Answer 49

1) parents obesity
2) low maternal education status
3) high birth weight
4) maternal excessive weight gain during pregnancy
5) maternal gestational diabetes

Question 50

What is the most common type of craniosynostosis?

Answer 50

scaphocephaly (long narrow skull due to fusion of midline sagittal suture)