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Endocrine physiology > Growth and development > Flashcards

Growth and development Flashcards

1
Q

how can you measure a childs growth development?

A 
height or length
sitting height
weight 
head circumference 
bone age
growth charts
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2
Q

what is used for staging pregnancy?

A

tanner method

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3
Q

what are the stages of puberty as described by the tanner method?

A 
Breast development 1-5 
Genital development 1-5 
Pubic hair 1-5
Testicular volume 20
Axillary hair 1-3
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4
Q

what are the most important pubertal stages?

A

B2 in girls

T 3-4 in boys

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5
Q

state some factors which influence height.

A 
age 
sex 
race
skeletal maturity
specific growth disorders
nutrition 
parental heights
chronic disease
socioeconomic status
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6
Q

what is the main determinant of growth in the first few years of life?

A

nutrition

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7
Q

what mediates growth in puberty?

A

sex hormones and growth hormone

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8
Q

what drugs can cause short stature?

A

steroids

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9
Q

what hormonal conditions can cause short stature?

A

growth hormone deficiency

hypothyroidism

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10
Q

what is the ages of late and early puberty onset in girls and boys?

A

girls < 8 years or > 13 years

boys < 9 years or > 24 years

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11
Q

what is the condition called when there is early sexual development?

A

central precocious puberty

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12
Q

what is the treatment for central precocious puberty?

A

GnRH antagonist

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13
Q

a male of 25 hasnt went through puberty and is short is height. there is no organic disease and his dad mentioned that he hit puberty late also.
what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

constitutional delay of growth and puberty

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14
Q

what are some of he causes of pubertal delay?

A

constitutioanal delay of grwoth and puberty
gonadal dysgenesis i.e. turners, klinefelter
chronic disease e.g. crohns, athsma
impaired HPG axis
perpheral i.e. cyrptochordism, testicular irradiation

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15
Q

what is precocious pseudopuberty?

A

partial pubertal development that results from gonadotrophin independent production of testosterone (it is driven by adrenal hormones)

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16
Q

what endocrine disorders can cause obesity?

A 
hypothyroidism 
growth hormone deficiency 
glucocorticoid excess
insulinaemia 
insulin resistance 
leptin deficiency 
androgen excess
hypothalamic lesion i.e. tumour, infection, trauma
17
Q

what is the cause of central precocious puberty in girls and boys?

A

girls usually idiopathic

boys - underlying cause i.e. brain tumour

Endocrine physiology (9 decks)

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