Growth and Development

Question 1

what stage of Erickson’s stages of psycho-social development is an infant-18 months at?

Answer 1

trust vs mistrust

Question 2

what stage of Erickson’s stages of psycho-social development is a 18 month old - 3 year old in?

Answer 2

Autonomy vs Shame & doubt

Question 3

what stage of Erickson’s stages of psycho-social development is a 3 year - 5 year old in?

Answer 3

Initiative vs Guilt

Question 4

what stage of Erickson’s stages of psycho-social development is a 5 year old - 13 years old in?

Answer 4

Industry vs inferiority

Question 5

what stage of Erickson’s stages of psycho-social development is a 13 year old - 21 year old in?

Answer 5

Identity vs Role Confusion

Question 6

what stage of Erickson’s stages of psycho-social development is a 21 year old - 39 years old in?

Answer 6

Intimacy vs Isolation

Question 7

what stage of Erickson’s stages of psycho-social development is a 40 year old - 65 year old in?

Answer 7

Generativity vs Isolation

Question 8

what stage of Erickson’s stages of psycho-social development is 65 years or older in?

Answer 8

Ego integrity vs despair

Question 9

what freudian stage is an infant in?

Answer 9

ORAL STAGE meaning that the mouth is the major source of gratification and the primary need is security

Question 10

• gains 5-7 oz a week
• grows 1.5 cm in the first month
• head circumference increases 1.5cm/month
• holds hand in fist (fine motor)
• draws arms and legs to body when crying (fine motor)
• inborn reflexes such as startle and rooting are predominant activity (gross motor)
• may lift head briefly if prone (gross motor)
• alerts to high pitched sounds
• comforts with touch
• prefers to look at faces and black and white geometric designs
• follows objects in line of vision

Answer 10

Birth to 1 month

Question 11

• posterior fontanele closes
• ingests 120 mL/kg/24hr (2oz/lb/24hr)
• hold rattle and other objects when placed in hand
• looks at and plays with own fingers
• brings hands to midline
• moro reflex fading in strength
• can turn from side to back and then return
• decrease in head lag when puled to sitting position; some bobbing
• when prone, holds head and supports weight in forearm
• follow objects 180 degrees

Answer 11

2-4 months

Question 12

• doubles birth weight at this point
• teeth may begin erupting at 6 months
• ingests 100mL/kg/24hr
• grasps rattle and other objects at will;drops them to pick up another object
• mouths objects
• holds feet and pulls to mouth
• holds bottle
• grasps with whole hand (palmar)
• manipulates objects
• head held steady when sitting.
• no head lag when pulled to sitting
• turns from abdomen to back by 4 months and then back to abdomen by 6 months
• when held standing supports much of own weight
• examines complex visual changes
• watches the course of a falling object

Answer 12

4-6 months

Question 13

• gains 3-5 oz per week
• grows 1 cm per month
• growth rate slower than first 6 months
• bangs objects held in hands
• transfers objects from one hand to another
• beginning pincer grasp at times
• most inborn reflexes extinguished
• sits alone steadily without support by 8 months
• likes to bounce on legs when standing (with support)
• responds readily to sounds
• recognizes own name and responds by looking and smiling
• enjoys small and complex objects at play

Answer 13

6-8 months

Question 14

• picks up small objects
• uses pincer grasps
• crawls or pulls whole body along floor by arms
• creeps by using hands and knees to keep trunk off the floor
• pulls self to standing and sitting by 10 months
• recovers balance when sitting
• understands words such as no and cracker
• may say one word in addition to mama and dada

Answer 14

8-10 months

Question 15

• head circumference equals chest circumference
• triples in birth weight at this age
• may hold crayon or pencil and can make mark on paper
• places objects into containers through holes
• stands alone
• walks holding onto furniture
• sits down from standing
• plays peek-a-boo and patty cake

Answer 15

10-12 months

Question 16

what kind of play does an infant participate in ?

Answer 16

• engages in solitary play, although social interactions enhances play
• learns and matures through feel and sound of activities and objects
• as the infant begins to crawl and walk, the sphere of play enlarges and the effect of play on growth and development increases

Question 17

what freudian stage is a toddler in?

Answer 17

ANAL STAGE meaning that the anus and bladder are the major source of pleasure, satisfaction, and self control

Question 18

• anterior fontanelle closes
• by end of the second year, builds a tower of four blocks.
• scribbles on paper, can undress themselves
• throws a ball
• runs
• shows growing ability to walk and finally walks with ease
• walks up and down stairs in few months after learning how to walk with ease
• likes push and pull toys
• visual acuity is that of 20/50

Answer 18

1-2 years old

Question 19

• draws a circle and other rudimentary forms
• learns to pour
• learning to dress self
• jumps, kicks ball
• throws ball overhead

Answer 19

2-3 years old

Question 20

• give short and clear instructions
• do not give choices if none exist
• offer a choice of two alternatives when possible
• approach positively slowly, allowing time for the toddler to adjust
• tell toddler what you are doing, and say the names of objects

Answer 20

Strategies for communicating with toddlers

Question 21

what kind of play does a toddler participate in?

Answer 21

• increased motor skills enable the toddler to engage in new ways of playing
• play becomes more social, and often includes parallel play with other toddlers,
• engages in imitative behavior, which teaches them new skills and actions
• increased cognitive abilities enables toddler to manipulate objects and learn about their qualities

Question 22

what freudian stage is a preschooler in?

Answer 22

PHALLIC stage meaning that the focus is on gentials, masturbation, and oedipus or electra complex

Question 23

• grows 4 -6 cm within a year
• uses scissors
• draws circles, squares and crosses
• draws at least a six part person
• enjoys art projects such as painting, stringing beads, using clay
• learns to tie shoes at the end of the preschool years
• buttons clothes
• brushes teeth
• uses spoon, fork and knife
• eats three meals with snacks

Answer 23

preschool years

Question 24

• throws a ball overhead
• climbs well
• rides bicycle
• visual acuity continues to improve
• can focus on and earn letter and numbers

Answer 24

preschool years

Question 25

• participated in associative and dramatic play
• enjoys large motor activities
• increased manual dexterity is demonstrated in greater complexity of play activities
• fantasy play enhances growth and development

Answer 25

the role of play in preschool years

Question 26

What freudian stage is a school age child in ?

Answer 26

LATENCY STAGE in which sexual impulses are repressed.

-physical and intellectual activities and relationships with same sex are built

Question 27

• grows 4-6 cm per year
• enjoys craft projects
• plays card and board games
• rides two wheelers
• jumps rope
• roller skates or ice skates
• can read
• able to concentrate for longer periods on activities by filtering out surrounding sounds

Answer 27

School age children 6-12 years old

Question 28

• gross development is fostered by ball sports, skating, dancing lessons, water and snow ski/boarding, biking
• a sense of industry is fostered by playing a musical instrument, gathering collections, starting hobbies, playing board and video games.
• cognitive growth is facilitated by reading, crafts, word puzzles, schoolwork
• mature use of language
• ability to converse and discuss topics for increasing lengths of time
• spends many hours at school and with friends in sports or other activities.

Answer 28

development during school age years

Question 29

when communicating:

• provide concrete examples of pictures and materials to accompany verbal descriptions
• assess knowledge before teaching
• allow child to select rewards following procedures
• teach techniques such as counting or visualization to manage difficult situations
• include child in discussion and history with parent
• be honest in explanations

Answer 29

strategies for communicating with a school age child

Question 30

What role of play does a school age child participate in ?

Answer 30

• increased physical abilities to allow greater range and complexity of activities
• engages in cooperative play, which increases social and cognitive skills

Question 31

what freudian stage is an adolescent in ?

Answer 31

GENITAL STAGE meaning that their energy is toward sexual maturity and function. Their skills to cope with the environment are crafted.

Question 32

• variation in the age of growth spurt
• skills are well developed
• new sport activities attempted and muscle development continues
• some lack of coordination common during growth spurt
• fully developed sensory abilities
• increasing communication and time with peer group: movies, dances, driving, eating out, attending sports events, etc.
• applying abstract thought and analysis in conversations at home and school

Answer 32

Developmental Milestones in Adolescence

Question 33

communication strategies:

• provide written as well as verbal explanations
• direct history and explanations to teen alone; then include parent
• allow for safe exploration of topics by suggesting that teen is similar to other teens
• arrange meetings for discussions with other teens

Answer 33

communication strategies with an adolescent