Conjunctivitis Flashcards
inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid. also known as pink eye
Conjunctivitis
chemicals, bacteria, viral, or do to an allergic reaction ( to air irritants such as: pollen, smoke, chlorine in pools, ingredients in cosmetics, and contact lenses
What causes conjunctivitis
what is opthalmia neonatorum ?
form of conjunctivitis contracted by newborns during delivery
what is the main difference between bacteria and viral conjunctivitis ?
Bacteria conjunctivitis has a purulent (pus) discharge that may result in crusting, whereas the discharge from viral conjunctivitis is serous (watery). side note: allergic conjunctivitis produces watery to thick drainage and is characterized by itching.
treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
antibiotic eye drops
treatment for viral and allergic conjunctivitis?
supportive care
treatment for periorbital cellulitis ?
oral or intravenous antibiotics
What kind of clinical manifestations are there for bacterial conjunctivitis?
- edema of the eyelid
- red conjunctiva
- mucopurlent exudate
- may feel itchy/scratchy
- treat with: Floroquinolones, Bacotracom, Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Aminoglycosides
what kind of clinical manifestations are there for viral conjunctivitis?
- usually adenovirus
- more often bilateral than unilateral
- mild and slow
- comfort measures (clean drainage with warm cloths)
- If HSV, then treat with acyclovir
what kind of clinical manifestations are there for allergic conjunctivitis?
- intense itching
- red
- “cobblestone” appearance of conjunctivitis
- watery drainage if any
- systemic antihistamines
- local antihistamines
- steroid eye drops
What are the three parts of the external ear?
- auricle
- external canal
- tympanic membrane
what are the four parts of the middle ear?
- incus
- malleus
- stapes
- eustachian tubes
what are the three parts of the inner ear?
-vestibule
-semicircular canals
-cochlea (organ of corti)
(bony labyrinth)
what part of the eustachian tube opens during sucking ?
the end
what does the eustachian tube do?
equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment and allows drainage of secretions from middle ear mucosa.
if there is recurrent otitis media (ear infection) or effusion then the ear, nose, and throat doctor will possibly recommend…
tympanostomy tube placement
what are the clinical manifestations of acute otitis media ?
OBVIOUS -fever -drainage from the ear -vomiting -crying/fussing -may be preceeded by URI LESS OBVIOUS -night awakening -ear pulling -poor appetite -difficulty hearing
what would a ear examination reveal if there is acute otitis media?
- bulging of tympanic membrane
- redness
- fluid behind tympanic membrane (yellow and/or gray)
what is the antibiotic of choice for an ear infection?
Amoxicilin (there will be no antibiotics if no recent infection and symptoms for less than 72 hours)
treatment practices for an ear infection …
- fever control
- analgesics
- application of heat
- amoxicillin
what are the clinical manifestations for recurrent otitis media?
- 3 or more separate acute otitis media episodes in 6 months, or four or more episodes in 12 months with at least one episode in the last 6 months.
- same s/sxs as acute otitis media
-hearing deficits
-may have no symptoms
-may have some of the same s/sx as acute otitis media
-this is more irritating than painful
TREATMENT for this includes: watchful waiting, re-evaluation at a minimum of q 3 months, audiology testing, and the possible need for tympanostomy tubes
Clinical manifestation and treatment for Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion
how is chronic otitis media with effusion characterized on an otoscopy?
by fluid line or air bubbles
outpatient procedure that requires a regular diet and extra fluids. Rest and quiet activities are mandated after this procedure, as well as ear plugs for bath/swimming. There should NOT be any purulent drainage.
Tympanostomy Tubes
- prophylactic eye ointment at birth
- clean face of child before any other part of the body
- everyone use their own washcloth
- complete treatment to prevent recurrent infection
Preventive measures for conjunctivitis (PREVENTION IS KEY)
- no smoking in the home
- minimize pacifier use
- finish antibiotics
- do not use drops if eardrum is ruptured
- do NOT give antibiotics initially if not needed.
Preventive measures for Otitis Media
