Conjunctivitis

Question 1

inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid. also known as pink eye

Answer 1

Conjunctivitis

Question 2

chemicals, bacteria, viral, or do to an allergic reaction ( to air irritants such as: pollen, smoke, chlorine in pools, ingredients in cosmetics, and contact lenses

Answer 2

What causes conjunctivitis

Question 3

what is opthalmia neonatorum ?

Answer 3

form of conjunctivitis contracted by newborns during delivery

Question 4

what is the main difference between bacteria and viral conjunctivitis ?

Answer 4

Bacteria conjunctivitis has a purulent (pus) discharge that may result in crusting, whereas the discharge from viral conjunctivitis is serous (watery). side note: allergic conjunctivitis produces watery to thick drainage and is characterized by itching.

Question 5

treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 5

antibiotic eye drops

Question 6

treatment for viral and allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 6

supportive care

Question 7

treatment for periorbital cellulitis ?

Answer 7

oral or intravenous antibiotics

Question 8

What kind of clinical manifestations are there for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

• edema of the eyelid
• red conjunctiva
• mucopurlent exudate
• may feel itchy/scratchy
• treat with: Floroquinolones, Bacotracom, Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Aminoglycosides

Question 9

what kind of clinical manifestations are there for viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 9

• usually adenovirus
• more often bilateral than unilateral
• mild and slow
• comfort measures (clean drainage with warm cloths)
• If HSV, then treat with acyclovir

Question 10

what kind of clinical manifestations are there for allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 10

• intense itching
• red
• “cobblestone” appearance of conjunctivitis
• watery drainage if any
• systemic antihistamines
• local antihistamines
• steroid eye drops

Question 11

What are the three parts of the external ear?

Answer 11

• auricle
• external canal
• tympanic membrane

Question 12

what are the four parts of the middle ear?

Answer 12

• incus
• malleus
• stapes
• eustachian tubes

Question 13

what are the three parts of the inner ear?

Answer 13

-vestibule
-semicircular canals
-cochlea (organ of corti)
(bony labyrinth)

Question 14

what part of the eustachian tube opens during sucking ?

Answer 14

the end

Question 15

what does the eustachian tube do?

Answer 15

equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment and allows drainage of secretions from middle ear mucosa.

Question 16

if there is recurrent otitis media (ear infection) or effusion then the ear, nose, and throat doctor will possibly recommend…

Answer 16

tympanostomy tube placement

Question 17

what are the clinical manifestations of acute otitis media ?

Answer 17

OBVIOUS 
-fever 
-drainage from the ear
-vomiting 
-crying/fussing 
-may be preceeded by URI
LESS OBVIOUS
-night awakening
-ear pulling
-poor appetite
-difficulty hearing

Question 18

what would a ear examination reveal if there is acute otitis media?

Answer 18

• bulging of tympanic membrane
• redness
• fluid behind tympanic membrane (yellow and/or gray)

Question 19

what is the antibiotic of choice for an ear infection?

Answer 19

Amoxicilin (there will be no antibiotics if no recent infection and symptoms for less than 72 hours)

Question 20

treatment practices for an ear infection …

Answer 20

• fever control
• analgesics
• application of heat
• amoxicillin

Question 21

what are the clinical manifestations for recurrent otitis media?

Answer 21

• 3 or more separate acute otitis media episodes in 6 months, or four or more episodes in 12 months with at least one episode in the last 6 months.
• same s/sxs as acute otitis media

Question 22

-hearing deficits
-may have no symptoms
-may have some of the same s/sx as acute otitis media
-this is more irritating than painful
TREATMENT for this includes: watchful waiting, re-evaluation at a minimum of q 3 months, audiology testing, and the possible need for tympanostomy tubes

Answer 22

Clinical manifestation and treatment for Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion

Question 23

how is chronic otitis media with effusion characterized on an otoscopy?

Answer 23

by fluid line or air bubbles

Question 24

outpatient procedure that requires a regular diet and extra fluids. Rest and quiet activities are mandated after this procedure, as well as ear plugs for bath/swimming. There should NOT be any purulent drainage.

Answer 24

Tympanostomy Tubes

Question 25

• prophylactic eye ointment at birth
• clean face of child before any other part of the body
• everyone use their own washcloth
• complete treatment to prevent recurrent infection

Answer 25

Preventive measures for conjunctivitis (PREVENTION IS KEY)

Question 26

• no smoking in the home
• minimize pacifier use
• finish antibiotics
• do not use drops if eardrum is ruptured
• do NOT give antibiotics initially if not needed.

Answer 26

Preventive measures for Otitis Media