Growth and Development Flashcards
Until what age are you considered a neonate?
4 weeks
How long are you considered to be an infant?
until 1 year
How long are you considered a toddler?
1-2 years
What is the pre-school range of age?
2-5 years
What are the 4 key developmental domains?
- gross motor
- fine motor
- social and self help
- speech and language
At what age would you start to worry if a child was not walking?
18 months
What would you expect a child to be able to do at 6 months of age?
- make simple sounds
- play with simple objects
- recognise several people
- smile
- turns head and shifts weight
- rolls back to belly
- scoots or crawls
- reaches and grasps with whole hand
What would you expect a child to be able to do by 12 months of age?
- begin to use simple words
- begins to do simple things when asked
- drinks alone from cup
- takes longer interest in toys and activities
- imitates and copies people
- copies simple actions
- moves and holds head easily in all directions
- takes steps
- understands simple words (like touch your nose)
What would you expect a child to be able to do by 2 years of age?
- begins to use words together
- like to be praised after completing simple tasks
- takes off simple clothing
- sorts different objects
- begins to play with other children
- points at things when asked
- can grasp with pincer
- runs
What would you expect a child to be able to do by age 3?
- use simple sentences
- interact with both children and adults
- be toilet trained
- sort different objects
- plays independently with children and toys
- follows simple instructions
What are red flags of development?
- Loss or plateau of developmental skills
- Parental/ professional concern re. vision (simultaneous referral to paediatric ophthalmology)
- Hearing loss (simultaneous referral for audiology/ ENT)
- Persistent low muscle tone/ floppiness
- No speech by 18 months, esp if no other communication (simultaneous referral for urgent hearing test)
- Asymmetry of movements/ increased muscle tone
- Not walking by 18m/Persistent toe walking
- OFC > 99.6th / < 0.4th / crossed two centiles/ disproportionate to parental OFC
- Clinician uncertain/ thinks that development may be disordered
What is involved in the child health programme?
-New-born exam and blood spot screening*
-New-born hearing screening (by Day 28)
-Health Visitor First Visit
-6-8w Review (Max 12w)
-27-30 month Review (Max 32m)
-Orthoptist vision screening (4-5y)
-If needed
Unscheduled review
Recall review
What would happen at the 6-8 week review by GP or health visitor?
- Identification data (Name, address, GP)
- Feeding (breast/ bottle/ both)
- Parental concerns (appearance, hearing; eyes, sleeping, movement, illness, crying, weight)
- Development (gross motor, hearing + communication, vision + social awareness)
- Measurements (Weight, OFC, Length)
- Examination (heart, hips, testes, genitalia, femoral pulses and eyes (red reflex))
- Sleeping position (supine, prone, side)
What would happen at the 27-30 week review?
-Identification data (name, address, GP)
-Development
Social, behavioural, attention and emotional
Communication, speech and language
Gross and fine motor
Vision, hearing
-Physical measurements (height and weight)
-Diagnoses / other issues
What additional things can a health visitor promote for the health of a new mother and her child?
- smoking, alcohol, drugs etc
- information regarding immunisations
