Children with Learning Disabilities Flashcards
At what age do social and emotional advancements tend to occur?
from 3 months
When does movement greatly improve?
from 7 months
When do hand an finger skills tend to improve?
from 1 year
When do cognitive capabilities tend to improve?
from 2 years
When do hearing, speech, vision and language tend to greatly improve?
2-5 years
When is developmental delay present?
when development in one or more domains (social, motor, language, cognitive or emotional) are delayed compared to expected level for age
What is Global Developmental Delay?
a significant delay in 2 or more of the developmental domains
What are primary care assessment tools for developmental delay?
- ASQ (ages and stages questionnaire)
- PEDS (parental evaluation of developmental status)
- M-CHAT (checklist for autism in toddlers)
- SOGS-2 (schedule of growing skills)
How is developmental delay classed?
as isolated or global
SOGS-2
- information about child’s development over a range of ages
- 0-5 years
What are examples of secondary care assessment tools for a child with development delay?
- Griffiths mental development scales
- Bayley scales of infant development
- Wechsler preschool and primary scales of intelligence
What are features on examination of the chid that you would look for when assessing developmental delay?
- Head circumference
- Dysmorphic features
- Skin abnormalities
- Movement quality
- Ability to sit and stand from supine
- Eye movements and eye examination
- General examination: CVS, Respiratory
- Abdominal examination
- Observation of behaviour
What are 3 common syndromes that are associated with developmental delay?
- Down syndrome
- Fragile X syndrome
- William’s syndrome
What are some facial features of William’s syndrome?
- elfin facies
- broad forehead
- medial eyebrow flare
- flat nasal bridge
- malar flattening
- shot nose with long filtrum
- full lips
- wide mouth
What are red flag symptoms that may point to a developmental delay?
- Loss of developmental skills
- Concerns re vision
- Concerns re hearing
- Floppiness
- No speech by 18-24 months
- Asymmetry of movement
- Persistent toe walking
- Head circumference >99.6th C or < 0.4th C
What are reassuring sigs that a child is unlikely to have a developmental delay?
- Sit unsupported by 12 months
- Walk by 18months (boys) or 2 years (girls): Check creatinine kinase
- Walk other than on tiptoes
- Run by 2.5 years
- Hold objects in hand by 5 months
- Reach for objects by 6 months
- Points to objects to share interest by 2 years
What tests might you consider doing on identifying developmental delay?
- genetic testing e.g. FISH, chromosomal analysis, Fragile X
- creatinine kinase
- thyroid screening
- metabolic testing e.g. amino and organic acids, lactate etc
- opthalmological examination
- audiology examination
- consider congenital infection
- neuroimaging
What are first line examinations in to developmental delay?
- chromosomes
- Fragile X
- Us and Es
- creatinine kinase
- lead
- TFTs
- urate
- FBC
- ferritin
What are second line investigations in to developmental delay?
- neuroimaging
- EEG
- genetics
What are 3 common motor problems?
- delayed maturation
- cerebral palsy
- developmental coordination disorder
What are 3 common sensory problems?
- deafness
- visual impairment
- multisensory impairment
What are 2 common language/cognitive problems?
- specific language impairment
- learning disability
What are3 common social/communication problems?
- autism
- asperger syndrome
- elective mutism
What are some local services for developmental problems?
- community paediatric clinics
- child development teams
- multidisciplinary assessment
- therapy services
Why might a child have additional support needs?
- Difficulties with mainstream approaches to learning
- Disability or health needs, such as motor or sensory impairment, learning difficulties or autistic spectrum disorder.
- Family circumstances e.g. young people who are carers or parents.
What is Personal Learning Planning? (PLP)
a way of thinking about, talking about and planning what and how a child learns. It’s also a way of assessing their progress and acting on the results of that assessment.
What is an Individualised Educational Plan? (IEP)
- not a legal document
- detailed plan for child’s learning
- sets achievable targets and sets out how they will be reached
What is a coordinated support plan (CSP)?
- a legal document
- detailed plan on how a child’s support will be provided
What is GIRFEC’s (getting it right for every child) ‘Child Plan’?
contains information about:
- why child needs support
- type of support needed
- how long they will need it for and who should provide it
may include an IEP and CSP
