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Pediatrics- Special Populations > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

neonate age

A

birth to 1 mo

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2
Q

infancy

A

1 mo to 1yr

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3
Q

early childhood
toddler
preschool

A

toddler 1-3 yo

preschool 3-5 yo

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4
Q

middle childhood

A

school age 5-10yo

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5
Q

late childhood

A

adolescent 11 to 21 yrs

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6
Q

caloric req for 0-3mo

A

115 kcal/kg/day

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7
Q

caloric req 3-6 mo

A

110kcal/kg/day

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8
Q

caloric req 6mo -3yr

A

100kcal/kg/day

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9
Q

caloric req 4-6yrs

A

90-100 kcal/kg/day

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10
Q

infants lose wt in 1st days of life but they should regain birth weight by___ days of age

A

10-14

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11
Q

infant weight loss in initial days over ___ percent is abnormal

A

10%

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12
Q

nenates average a weight gain of __ ounces per day

A

1 ounce

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13
Q

by 6 mo the infant should have ___ their birth weight

A

doubled

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14
Q

triple birth weight by __yrs of age

A

1

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15
Q

quadruple birth weight by __ yrs of age

A

2 yrs of age

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16
Q

by age 3-4 kids should have at least __ their birth weight

A

doubled

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17
Q

HC increases by __% in the first year of life

A

30%

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18
Q

anterior fontanel is what bones and when does it close

A

between the 2 frontal and 2 parietal bones (diamond shaped)

closes around 12-18 mo

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19
Q

anterior fontanel is the junction of __ sutures

A

sagittal, coronal and frontal sutures

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20
Q

___ closes around end of 2mo

A

posterior fontanel triangle

located btwn occipital and 2 parietal bones

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21
Q

how to measure length birth to 2 yo

A

lying down

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22
Q

when start to measure height standing up?

A

over 2 yrs

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23
Q

at what age can you measure weight using a floor model beam scale?

A

over 2 yrs

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24
Q

when do you measure weight for length?

A

birth to 2yo

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25
Q

when do you begin measuring BMI

A

2yo -21yrs

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26
Q

BMI equation

A

weight in lbs divided by Ht squared (inches) times 703

27
Q

endocrine disorders that can increase weight

A

hypothyroidism, cushings, thalamic / pit disorders

28
Q

genetic disorders that can increase weight

A

Downs syndrome
Prader Willi syndrome
Laurence - Moon syndrome

29
Q

potential triggers for decreasing weight

A 
undernutrition 
psychosocial deprivation 
hypothyroidism 
iron def 
lead intox 
HIV 
immune def 
failure of major organs
30
Q

causes for increased height

A 
excess HGH 
hyperthyrodisim 
klinefelter syndrome 
Marfan syndrome 
Homocystinuria
31
Q

causes for decreased height

A 
HGH deficiency 
hypothyroidism 
chronic anemia 
chromosomal disorders 
skeletal dysplasia 
failure major organ system
32
Q

2 main causes of increased head size

A

Hydrocephalus: primary or secondary to Arnold Chiari malformation

Megalencephaly: secondary to CNS dz (neurofibromatosis or tuberous sclerosis), or secondary to metabolic storage dz (Krabbe disease)

33
Q

decreased head size 3 main causes

A
  1. (when fontanel closes prematurely)
  2. Prenatal insult (drugs, infxn, birth complications)
  3. Chromosome defects
34
Q

development refers to…

A

progressive increase in skill and capacity of function, measured through observation

35
Q

development occurs in a ___ and __ progression

A

cephalocaudal and proximodistal progression

36
Q

6 types of development

A

gross motor, fine motor, cognitive, emotional, language, hearing

37
Q

ambulation in 9-12 mo vs 13-15 mo

A

older children balance with their hands outstretched

38
Q

palmar vs pincer grasp

A

Palmar at infancy till 6mo

Pincer grasp at 9 mo (more fine motor / proxomoDISTAL dev)

39
Q

newborn cognitive dev

A

recognizes facial expressions as similar even on different people

40
Q

cognitive dev 2-6mo

A

much more social, actively looking around

41
Q

cognitive dev 6-12 mo

A

discovered hands, learns to manipulate objects, puts everything in their mouth

Object permanence

42
Q

at 2-6 mo what is first sign of communication dev

A

will attach to parents and mimic facial expressions

43
Q

what is the BAER test done at birth?

A

brainstem audio evoked response

44
Q

weight gain for months 3-6?

A

2/3 ounces per day

45
Q

at end of infancy what 3 growth things should have happened?

A
  1. 3x body weight
  2. increase length by 50%
  3. significant increase in brain size and complexity
46
Q

4 major dev goals of infancy

A

attachment / trust
self regulation (feeding, sleeping, calming)
adaptation (temperament, goodness of fit in fam, responding to cues)
Developmental stimuatlion

47
Q

6 facts 1 mo dev

A
  1. Responds to sound (blink, cry, quieting, startle)
  2. Fixates on human face and follows with eyes
  3. Moves all extremities
  4. flexed posture
  5. when crying can usually be consoled by being spoken to or held
  6. startle (moro) reflex video
48
Q

6 facts 2 mo dev

A
  1. coos and vocalizes reciprocally
  2. attentive to voices
  3. shows interest in visual and auditory stimuli
  4. smiles responsively
  5. in prone position, lifts head, neck, and upper chest with support on forearms,
  6. has some head control in upright position
49
Q

8 facts 4 mo

A
  1. babbles and coos
  2. smiles laughs squeals
  3. prone position holds head upright and raises body on heands
  4. rolls over front to back
  5. opens hands, holds own hands, grasps rattle
  6. controls head well
  7. begins to bat at objects
  8. spontenous social smile
50
Q

6 mo 10 facts

A
  1. vocalizes single consonants baba dada
  2. babbles reciprocally
  3. no head lag
51
Q

9 mo facts

A
  1. responds to own name
  2. understands few words
  3. mama and dada nospecifc
  4. stranger anxiety
  5. inferior pincer grasp
  6. will pull to stand
  7. starts to drink from a cup
  8. plays peek a boo and pat a cake
52
Q

kids grow___inches per month from 4-6mo

A

just under 1 inch

53
Q

from 5-8mo they gain about __ weight per month

A

1 lb / mo

54
Q

posterior fontanel closes around __age

A

6-8wks

55
Q

anterior fontanel closes around __ age

A

12-18 months of age

56
Q

eruptation of deciduous teeth stars by age…

A

5-6mo

57
Q

___ stage has vocab of 3-10 words

A

early childhood up to 15months

58
Q

milestones for 18 mo

A

walks quick or runs stiffly
throws a ball
vocab of 15-20 words
follows simple directions

59
Q

early childhood 2yo milestones

A

vocab up to 20 words, 2 step commands, can go up and down stairs one step at a time

makes horizontal or vertical lines with crayons

60
Q

4 yo can throw a ball__

A

overhand

61
Q

age 3 milestones

A 
copies circle / cross 
self care skills (dressing etc) 
early imaginative behavior 
jump in place, kick a ball 
rides tricycle
62
Q

ages 5-10 will gain __ pounds per year, and grow __ inches per year

A

8 pounds/ yr
2 inches / yr
Dentition: permanent teeth erupt during scholl age period starting at 5

63
Q

can control anger by age…

A

12yrs

64
Q

stages of adolescence

A

early : 11-14 yo

middle: 15-17
late: 18-21

Pediatrics- Special Populations (3 decks)

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