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Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

What brain regions continue growing til age 25 (2)? What behaviors do these regions have to do with?

A

Pre-frontal brain and amygdala: Risky decisions, emotional.

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2
Q

BMI Equation

A

Weight in Kg x 10,000

divided by height in Cm squared

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3
Q 
BMI Percentiles for:
 Underweight
 Health weight
 Overweight
 Obese
A

 Underweight: <5th percentile
 Health weight: 5th percentile to below 85th percentile
 Overweight: 85th to below 95th
 Obese: Equal or above 95th

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4
Q

What doesn’t BMI take into account?

A

Muscle mass?

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5
Q

Why is BMI useful? (2)

A

1) Provides a reference that can be useful beyond puberty

2) Compares well to lab measurements

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6
Q

Newborn weight in grams (range)

A

2700-4000g

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7
Q

How many grams in 1 pound?

A

454

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8
Q

Newborn length

A

48-53 cm

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9
Q

Head circumference at birth

A

33-35 cm

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10
Q

Chest circumference at birth

A

2-3 cm less than head circumference

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11
Q

Weight gain per week (newborn)

A

5-7 oz per week

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12
Q

Length increase per month (newborn)

A

2.5cm/month

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13
Q

Increase in head circumference per month:

  • For the first three months
  • From 3-6 months
A
  • 0 -3 mo: 2 cm / month

- 3 to 6 mo: 1 cm / month

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14
Q

Newborn: Gross motor (1)

A

May lift head if prone

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15
Q

Newborn: Fine motor (1)

A

Holds hands in fists

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16
Q

Newborn: Sensor (2)

A

Prefers faces, follows line of vision

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17
Q

Sucking reflex disappears:

A

By 12 months (replaced by voluntary)

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18
Q

Rooting reflex disappears:

A

After 3-4 months (normal til 12)

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19
Q

Palmar reflex disappears:

A

Decreases / becomes voluntary around 3 months

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20
Q

Plantar reflex disappears:

A

Starts to disappear around 8 months

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21
Q

Babinski reflex disappears:

A

Up to 18 months of age

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22
Q

Moro reflex disappears:

A

Starts to disappear around 4 months

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23
Q

Tonic neck reflex disappears:

A

Starts to disappear around 6 mo (when turning)

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24
Q

Dance / stepping reflex disappears:

A

Disappears in 4-8 week

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25
Q

Crawl reflex disappears:

A

Changes to voluntary at 6 months

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26
Q

How much should you bottle feed a newborn (birth to one month)?

A

60-90 ccs every 2-3 hours

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27
Q

How many ounces in once cc?

A

2-3 ounces per cc

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28
Q

How much should you breastfeed an infant (less than one month)?

A

Every 2-3 hours on demand

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29
Q

When does the POSTERIOR fontanel close?

A

6-8 weeks

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30
Q

Fine motor of a 2-4 month old baby (3)

A
  • Holds rattle
  • PLAYS WITH FINGERS
  • Object to mouth
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31
Q

Sensory of a 2-4 month old (2)

A
  • Turns heads to voices (esp mom’s)

- Social smile: 3 months

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32
Q

Gross motor: 2-4 months

A
  • Decrease in head lag

- Sitting

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33
Q

When does a baby start giggling?

A

4 months

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34
Q

When does a baby’s birth weight double?

A

6 months

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35
Q

When does rolling over occur?

  • Belly to back
  • Back to belly
A
  • Belly to back: 4 mo

Back to belly: 6 mo

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36
Q

When does the baby start voluntary grabbing things (palmar grasp)?

A

4-6 months

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37
Q

What is the first solid food you should give to an infant?

A

Cereal: Rice, barley, oatmeal.

38
Q

What is the #1 chronic illness in pediatrics?

A

Dental carries

39
Q

When do teeth erupt?

A

Maybe by 6 months

40
Q

What are the first teeth to emerge?

A

First central incisors

41
Q

Sensory: 4-6 month old (2)

A
  • Separation anxiety

- Mirrors

42
Q

When does a baby transfer object from hand to hand?

A

6-8 months

43
Q

When does a baby start to respond to name?

A

6-8 months

44
Q

When does a baby develop…

  • Crude pincer?
  • Refined pincer?
A
  • Crude pincer: 6-8 mo

- Refined pincer: 8-10 mo

45
Q

When does a baby start understanding “no”?

46
Q

When does head circumference begin to equal chest circumference?

A

10-12 months

47
Q

When does a baby triple birth weight?

A

10-12 months

48
Q

How many teeth does a baby have by 1st birthday?

49
Q

When does a baby wave goodbye?

50
Q

Sensory is simple commands, peek a boo, patty cake: When?

51
Q

When can a baby start drinking whole milk?

52
Q

How much vocab does a baby have by 10-12 mo?

A

3-5 years, understands “mama” and “dada”

53
Q

When does a baby develop nocturnal sleep?

A

3-4 months

54
Q

How much of an infant’s sleep is REM?

55
Q

Birth to 18 mo: ERIKSON

  • Basic Conflict
  • Important Events
A
  • Trust v Mistrust

- Feeding

56
Q

Early childhood (2-3 years)

  • Basic Conflict
  • Important Events
A
  • Autonomy vs shame and doubt

- Toilet training

57
Q

Preschool (3-5 years)

  • Basic Conflict
  • Important Events
A
  • Initiative vs guilt

- Exploration

58
Q

School age (6-11 years)

  • Basic Conflict
  • Important Events
A
  • Industry vs Inferiority

- School

59
Q

Adolescence (12-18 years)

  • Basic Conflict
  • Important Events
A
  • Identity vs Role confusion

- Social Relationships

60
Q

At what age does birth weight quadruple?

A

By age of 2

61
Q

Where in the toddler body does most of growth occur?

62
Q

What is the #1 cause of death in toddlers?

63
Q

Fine motor: Toddler (age 1-3) (2)

A
  • Scribbles, copy a circle

- Dresses self

64
Q

Why should you restrict a toddler’s amount of milk? What should you restrict it to?

A
  • Excessive milk consumption makes child full, prevents iron absorption
  • Limit to 16-24 oz per day
65
Q

When is sphincter ready for toilet training?

A

Around 18 months

66
Q

What might a delay in toilet training indicate?

67
Q

Piaget: Toddler

A

Sensorimotor to Preconceptual (Preoperatoinal)

- Cause and effect, object permanence, imitation, concept of time

68
Q

Where does growth take place for a preschooler?

A

Long bones

69
Q

Fine motor - Preschooler (4)

A
  • Uses scissors
  • Draws circle and square
  • Ties shoes
  • Draws six part person
70
Q

Vocab # for a preschooler

A

2,000 words

71
Q

Four types of play for preschooler

A

o Association Play
o Dramatic Play
o Cooperative Play
o Solitary Play

72
Q

Piaget: Preschool age

A

Preconceptual (preoperational)
o Magical thinking
 Reality vs Fantasy thinking
 They think that their thoughts are all-powerful

73
Q

Five things to note about school age growth:

A 
o Last period in which boys and girls are close in proportion due to
growth spurts (girls first)
o All body organs fully developed
o Growth spurts
o Jaw changes.
o Permanent teeth
74
Q

Three nutrients that school age kids especially need

A
  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Protein
75
Q

Piaget- school age

A

Conc

rete observational

76
Q

3 characteristics of concrete operational

A

1) Conservation:
 Matter does not change when container changes’

2) Reversibility:
 Addition and subtraction
 Getting home from school

3) Classification
 Interest in collections

77
Q

Three stages of adolescence:

A

Early: 12-14 years
Middle: 16-17 years
Late: 18-21 years

78
Q

Thelarche

  • What
  • When
A

Breast development

  • 9-13 years
  • About 1 year after growth spurt
79
Q

Adrenarche

  • What
  • When
A

Pubic & axillary hair

- About six months after breast development

80
Q

Menarche

  • What
  • When
A

Menses (first menstruation)
- 10.5-15 years
- 2 years after breast development
-

81
Q

When should you be concerned about delayed puberty (2)?

A
  • No breast development by 13

- No menses as of 4 years after breast development

82
Q

When do boys hit puberty?

A

9.5 -13.5 years

83
Q

Boys: 3 parts of early puberty

A

 Testicular enlargement
 Pubic hair
 Thinning and reddening of scrotum

84
Q

Boys: 5 parts of mid puberty

A 
 Voice changes
 Facial and axillary hair
 Increase in acne
 Increase in muscle mass
 Penile enlargement
85
Q

Boys: 2 parts of late puberty

A

 Increase in axillary and facial hair

 First ejaculation

86
Q

How do you define “delayed puberty” for boys?

A

No initial signs of pubral development by the time they’re 13.5-14 years of age

  • No testicular or scrotal changes
  • No pubic hair
87
Q

Five nutrients to push on adolescents:

A 
Protein
Calories
Zinc
Calcium
Iron
88
Q

Piaget: Adolescents

A

FORMAL OPERATIONAL

o Inductive v Deductive Reasoning
o Understand consequences
o Decision making capabilities

89
Q

1 cause of death in adolescents

90
Q

2 cause of death in adolescents

peds 1 (5 decks)

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