Growth and Development Flashcards
Infancy: Body Changes (0-1 year)
- Weight: Doubles by 6 months, Triples by 1 year
- Height: Increases by about 50% by 1 year
- Fontanels: Posterior closed by 2 months, Anterior closed by 18 months
2-month milestones
- Holds head up when on stomach
- Moves head to respond to sound
- Makes Noises (Cooing)
- Smiles
4-month milestones
- Enjoys play and interaction
- Holds and reaches for toys
- Starts to roll over
- Remember faces and objects
6-month milestones
- Sit up with support
- Stranger danger
- Babbles with early vowel sounds
- Has fun looking at self in mirror
9-month milestones
- Sits without support
- Crawling
- Stands with pulling and holds on to objects
- Object permanence
- Pincer Grasp
12-month milestones
- Begins walking
- Follows simple commands
- Says simple words like “mama” or “dada”
Infancy: Sudden infancy death syndrome
- Sleep on back
- Dress infant appropriately (Don’t overdress)
- Avoid exposure to tobacco smoke
- Remove extra items from sleeping area
- If sleeping in the same room, use different beds
Infancy: Choking
- Choke on milk or mucus (Small respiratory tract)
- Use bulb suction and suggest CPR class
- AVOID small, hard, round food items when starting solids (6 months)
- Never leave unattended on surfaces
- Stop swaddling once baby can roll over
Infancy: Car seat
- Appropriate installation
- Back seat and rear-facing
Infancy: Shaken Baby Syndrome
- Period of Purple Cry
- Never shake a baby
- Stay calm, lay infant down in safe place, and take a break
Infancy: Burns
- Adjust water temperature at water heater
- Block electrical outlets
Infancy Eriksons Stage
Trust vs Mistrust
- Meet needs promptly
Infancy Piaget Stage
Sensorimotor
- Use senses to learn about the environment
Infancy Eating Plan
- Fed is best (Formula or Breast milk for first 6 months)
- No cows milk or honey during first 12 months
- Appropriate sized bites
- Teeth begin coming in around 6 months
- Adequate hydration: at least 6 wet diapers/day
Failure to Thrive
Infants below 5th % for Weight/Height
Infancy: Socialization
Birth- 4 months:
- Observe faces, high contrast, being talked or sang to
- Interacting: Toys to grasp, peek-a-boo, hiding objects, push/stand toys
Toddlerhood: Growth
4x birth weight at 2 years
Weight: Gains 3-5 lbs/year
Height: 2-3 in/year
Toddlerhood: Temper tantrums
- Normal: processing emotions
- Education
- Prevention
Toddler: Safety
DANGERS
- Drowning
- Automobile Accidents
- Nose-dives (Falls)
- Gettting burned
- Eating toxic things
- Revolver/Rifles (Unsecure firearms)
- Suffocate/Choking
Toddler: Potty Training
- Must be physically and mentally ready for success
- 3 years old: Day time potty train
- 4-5: Nightime potty train
Toddler Erikson Stage
Autonomy vs Shame and doubt
- Loves to say no (Negativism)
- Give appropriate Choices
Toddler Piaget Stage
Preoperational phase
( 2-7 years)
Toddler: Eating Plan
- Well balanced diet
- Love snacks
- Oral hygiene
- Can be picky eaters
- Choking risk
Toddler: RRR
- Ritualism: Routine and predictability
- Rivalry: New siblings take attention away
- Regression: Stress, disruption to their routine
Preschool (3-5): Growth
- 5lbs/year
-3 in/year - Begin losing baby teeth
Preschool: Erikson Stage
Initiative vs Guilt
Preschool: Piaget Stage
Preoperational (Still)
Preschool: Play
Associative Play –> Cooperative Play
Preschool: Language
Language explosion
School Age (6-12): Growth
- 4.5-7lbs/year
- 2.5 in/year
- Baby teeth –> Permanent teeth
School Age: Skills
- Fine Motor
- Gross Motor
- Cognitive
- Language
- Social
School Age: Erikson stage
Industry vs Inferiority
- Being productive vs feeling inadequate
School Age: Piaget’s Theory
Concrete Operational
- Begin to think logically and rationally
School Age: Safety
- Bikes/ scooters/ skateboards
- Swimming
- Strangers
- Dangerous objects
- Car/ traffic
- Bullying
- Self confidence
Adolescent (13-18): Growth
- Puberty and sexual maturation
Adolescent Erikson Theory
Identity vs Role Confusion
Adolescent Piaget Theory
Formal Operations (Now-Death)
Adolescent Milestones
- Peer influence
- Personal Values
- Independence
Adolescent: Safety
- MVA
- drowning
- fires
- firearms
- mental health
Pediatric Considerations:
- Weight-based dosing
- Pain scales
- Adapting Assessments
- Language
- Coping/Child life
Young Adult (19-40) Growth
- Physical peak in 20s, gradual decline
- Cognitive: Advanced Problem solving
- Milestones: Careers, relationships, family planning
Young Adult Erikson Stage
Intimacy vs Isolation
Middle Adult (41-65) Growth
- Aging Continues
- Stable Intellect
- Milestones: Career transitions, mentoring, reflection
Middle Adult Erikson Stage
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Older Adulthood (65+) Growth
- Decline in function; chronic illness
- Risk for memory decline; dementia
- Milestones: Retirement, loss of loved ones, legacy
Older Adult Erikson Stage
Integrity vs. Despair
