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Botany Lecture Unit 4 > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Growth and Development

Development is

A

The coordination of growth and differentiation of a cell into a multicellular tissue

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2
Q

Growth and Development

What 3 factors does development depend on?

A

Nutrients

Vitamins

Hormones

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3
Q

Growth and Development

Nutrients are

A

Chemicals derived from the air and the soil

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4
Q

Growth and Development

Vitamins are

A

Chemicals created by the plant that originate in the plasma membrane or the cytoplasm

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5
Q

Growth and Development

Vitamins are a coenzyme, meaning…

Enzyme =

A

They bind to an enzyme to make it more efficient

Protein catalyst

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6
Q

Growth and Development

Hormones regulate…

A

Genes, chemical messengers and, stimulate or supress activity.

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7
Q

Growth and Development

Hormones are in much ___ concentrations than vitamins and nutrients

A

Smaller

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8
Q

Growth and Development

Where are Hormones produced

A

Produced in active and growing regions

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9
Q

Growth and Development

Hormones can ___ or ___ plant growth

A

Promote or inhibit

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10
Q

Growth and Development

What are the 5 categories of hormones

A

Auxins

Gibberellins

Cytokinins

Abscisic acid

Ethylene

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11
Q

Growth and Development

Auxins purpose

A

Lengthen plant cells at the tip

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12
Q

Growth and Development

Auxins location (4)

A

Apical meristems

Buds

Young leaves

Active parts of the plant

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13
Q

Growth and Development

The movement of auxins requires

Polar movement means

A

Active transport (use of ATP)

High concentration to low concentration, away from the source

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14
Q

Growth and Development

Auxins move through the parenchyma near vascular bundles at a rate of …

A

1 cm/hour

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15
Q

Growth and Development

Auxin encourages (3)

A

Growth of all cell types and differentiation of cells

Lengthening

Vascular cambium and adventitious root development

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16
Q

Growth and Development

Auxin Discourages (3)

A

Leaf and fruit abscission

Fruit ripening

Inhibits lateral branching

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17
Q

Growth and Development

Auxins is greek to …

A

Increase

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18
Q

Growth and Development

Gibberellins are named after a genus of

A

Fungi

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19
Q

Growth and Development

Gibberellins purpose

A

Produce an increase in size

20
Q

Growth and Development

Gibberellins location (4)

A

Apical meristems

Young leaves

Fungi

Ungerminated seeds

21
Q

Growth and Development

Gibberellins movement is

A

Non-polar, through xylem and phloem

22
Q

Growth and Development

Gibberellins encourages (3)

A

Stem elongation

Flowering

Germination

23
Q

Growth and Development

Gibberellins discourage

A

Seed dormancy

24
Q

Growth and Development

Cytokinins means ___ + ___

A

Cell + move

25
Q

Growth and Development

Cytokinins purpose

A

Stimulates cytokinesis

26
Q

Growth and Development

Cytokinins location (2)

A

Root tips

Germinating seeds

27
Q

Growth and Development

Cytokinin movement is

A

Polar, through xylem, phloem and, parenchyma

28
Q

Growth and Development

Cytokinins encourage (5)

A

Stem lengthening

Growing roots

Cell growth and differentiation

Chloroplast development

Cotyledon growth

29
Q

Growth and Development

Cytokinins discourage (2)

A

Agining in leaves

Decaying of stored vegetables

30
Q

Growth and Development

Abscisic acid purpose

A

Promotes abscission and inhibits stimulatory activity of other hormones

31
Q

Growth and Development

Abscisic acid location (2)

A

Fleshy fruits

Rarely in leaves and roots

32
Q

Growth and Development

Abscisic acid movement is

A

Polar via active transport throughout the plant

33
Q

Growth and Development

Abscisic acid encourages (3)

A

Water retention in wilted leaves (prevents water loss)

Stomata closed

Abscission of leaves and fruit

34
Q

Growth and Development

Abscisic acid discourages (2)

A

Seed germination while on plant

Stimulatory effects of other hormones

35
Q

Growth and Development

Ethylene purpose

A

Ripening of fruits

36
Q

Growth and Development

Ethylene location (5)

A

Flowers

Fruits

Seeds

Leaves

Roots

37
Q

Growth and Development

Ethylene movement is

A

Active transport within plant

Gas state

38
Q

Growth and Development

Ethylene encourages (2)

A

Promote ripening

Leaf abscission

39
Q

Growth and Development

Discourages

A

Cell elongation

40
Q

Hormone Interactions

Apical dominance =

A

Dominant apical bud produces auxin-like inhibitors that prevent growth of lateral buds

41
Q

Hormone Interactions

Apical dominance, which axillary buds grow most?

Results in? (shape)

A

Buds furthest away from dominant apical bud

Tapered cone shape

42
Q

Hormone Interactions

Other hormones involved in apical dominance

A

Cytokinins and abscisic acid

43
Q

Hormone Interactions

Senescence is

A

The degradations of plant cells leading to death

44
Q

Hormone Interactions

Senescence contributors (3)

A

Age

Environmental changes

Developmental cues

(in addition to hormones)

45
Q

Hormone Interactions

Senescence occurs prior

A

To leaf dropping

46
Q

Hormone Interactions

Hormones that regulate senescence (4)

A

Auxins

Cytokinins

Abscisic acid

Ethylene

Botany Lecture Unit 4 (21 decks)

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