Growth and Development Flashcards
Growth and Development
Development is
The coordination of growth and differentiation of a cell into a multicellular tissue
Growth and Development
What 3 factors does development depend on?
Nutrients
Vitamins
Hormones
Growth and Development
Nutrients are
Chemicals derived from the air and the soil
Growth and Development
Vitamins are
Chemicals created by the plant that originate in the plasma membrane or the cytoplasm
Growth and Development
Vitamins are a coenzyme, meaning…
Enzyme =
They bind to an enzyme to make it more efficient
Protein catalyst
Growth and Development
Hormones regulate…
Genes, chemical messengers and, stimulate or supress activity.
Growth and Development
Hormones are in much ___ concentrations than vitamins and nutrients
Smaller
Growth and Development
Where are Hormones produced
Produced in active and growing regions
Growth and Development
Hormones can ___ or ___ plant growth
Promote or inhibit
Growth and Development
What are the 5 categories of hormones
Auxins
Gibberellins
Cytokinins
Abscisic acid
Ethylene
Growth and Development
Auxins purpose
Lengthen plant cells at the tip
Growth and Development
Auxins location (4)
Apical meristems
Buds
Young leaves
Active parts of the plant
Growth and Development
The movement of auxins requires
Polar movement means
Active transport (use of ATP)
High concentration to low concentration, away from the source
Growth and Development
Auxins move through the parenchyma near vascular bundles at a rate of …
1 cm/hour
Growth and Development
Auxin encourages (3)
Growth of all cell types and differentiation of cells
Lengthening
Vascular cambium and adventitious root development
Growth and Development
Auxin Discourages (3)
Leaf and fruit abscission
Fruit ripening
Inhibits lateral branching
Growth and Development
Auxins is greek to …
Increase
Growth and Development
Gibberellins are named after a genus of
Fungi
Growth and Development
Gibberellins purpose
Produce an increase in size
Growth and Development
Gibberellins location (4)
Apical meristems
Young leaves
Fungi
Ungerminated seeds
Growth and Development
Gibberellins movement is
Non-polar, through xylem and phloem
Growth and Development
Gibberellins encourages (3)
Stem elongation
Flowering
Germination
Growth and Development
Gibberellins discourage
Seed dormancy
Growth and Development
Cytokinins means ___ + ___
Cell + move
Growth and Development
Cytokinins purpose
Stimulates cytokinesis
Growth and Development
Cytokinins location (2)
Root tips
Germinating seeds
Growth and Development
Cytokinin movement is
Polar, through xylem, phloem and, parenchyma
Growth and Development
Cytokinins encourage (5)
Stem lengthening
Growing roots
Cell growth and differentiation
Chloroplast development
Cotyledon growth
Growth and Development
Cytokinins discourage (2)
Agining in leaves
Decaying of stored vegetables
Growth and Development
Abscisic acid purpose
Promotes abscission and inhibits stimulatory activity of other hormones
Growth and Development
Abscisic acid location (2)
Fleshy fruits
Rarely in leaves and roots
Growth and Development
Abscisic acid movement is
Polar via active transport throughout the plant
Growth and Development
Abscisic acid encourages (3)
Water retention in wilted leaves (prevents water loss)
Stomata closed
Abscission of leaves and fruit
Growth and Development
Abscisic acid discourages (2)
Seed germination while on plant
Stimulatory effects of other hormones
Growth and Development
Ethylene purpose
Ripening of fruits
Growth and Development
Ethylene location (5)
Flowers
Fruits
Seeds
Leaves
Roots
Growth and Development
Ethylene movement is
Active transport within plant
Gas state
Growth and Development
Ethylene encourages (2)
Promote ripening
Leaf abscission
Growth and Development
Discourages
Cell elongation
Hormone Interactions
Apical dominance =
Dominant apical bud produces auxin-like inhibitors that prevent growth of lateral buds
Hormone Interactions
Apical dominance, which axillary buds grow most?
Results in? (shape)
Buds furthest away from dominant apical bud
Tapered cone shape
Hormone Interactions
Other hormones involved in apical dominance
Cytokinins and abscisic acid
Hormone Interactions
Senescence is
The degradations of plant cells leading to death
Hormone Interactions
Senescence contributors (3)
Age
Environmental changes
Developmental cues
(in addition to hormones)
Hormone Interactions
Senescence occurs prior
To leaf dropping
Hormone Interactions
Hormones that regulate senescence (4)
Auxins
Cytokinins
Abscisic acid
Ethylene
