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Botany Lecture Unit 4 > Evolution (plants) > Flashcards

Evolution (plants) Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution

What is a theory

A

A hypothesis that has been rigorously tested

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2
Q

Evolution

What is a law

A

A universal truth

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3
Q

Evolution

Definition

A

The change in allele frequencies in a population overtime

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4
Q

Evolution

Allele=

A

Form of a gene

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5
Q

Evolution

Frequency=

A

How often something occurs

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6
Q

Evolution

Population=

A

All members of a species that interact

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7
Q

Evolution

What are the 4 ways to change allele frequencies

A

Natural selection
Mutation
Genetic drift
Gene flow

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8
Q

Evolution

Natural selection means

A

The best suited for the environment have a higher probability of survival and production

“Survival of the fittest”

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9
Q

Evolution

What are the 3 modes of natural selection

A

Directional selection
Disruptive selection
Stabilizing selecton

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10
Q

Evolution

Directional selection means

A

1 extreme phenotype is favored

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11
Q

Evolution

Disruptive selection means

A

Both extreme phenotypes are favored

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12
Q

Evolution

Stabilizing selection means

A

Average phenotype is favored

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13
Q

Evolution

What are the 3 general trends of natural selection

A

Coevolution
Adaptive radiation
Convergent evolution

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14
Q

Evolution

Coevolution means

A

One species evolves in response to another species’ evolution

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15
Q

Evolution

Adaptive radiation means

A

Parts of a lineage acquire different characteristics to adapt to different environments

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16
Q

Evolution

Convergent revolution

A

Distantly-related lineages acquire similar characteristics to adapt to similar environments

17
Q

Evolution

Mutation means

A

An error in copying DNA / reproductive cells

18
Q

Evolution

What is the only way to get new alleles

A

Mutation

19
Q

Evolution

Mutations are often ___ -

A

Silent, not expressed in phenotype

20
Q

Evolution

Mutations are rarely (5)

A 
Fatal
Change protein shape
3rd codon
Beneficial
Rare occurence 0.1-100 mutations / genome / generation
21
Q

Evolution

Genetic drift means

A

Allele frequencies change by chance

22
Q

Evolution

Gene flow means

A

Movement of alleles from one population to another

23
Q

Rates of Evolution

Punctuated equilibrium means

A

Years of rapid evolution followed by many years of no evolution

24
Q

Rates of Evolution

Gradualism menas

A

Constant, tiny evolutionary events

25
Q

Speciation

Definition

A

Formation of new species

Opposite of extinction

26
Q

Speciation

Population must be ___ ___

A

Genetically isolated

27
Q

Speciation

What are the 2 categories

A

Pre-zygotic

Post-zygotic

28
Q

Pre-zygotic means

A

Before the zygote is formed

29
Q

Speciation

3 types of pre-zygotic isolation

A

Geographic isolation
Ecological isolation
Mechanical isolation

30
Q

Speciation

Geographic isolation means

A

Physical barrier prevents isolation

31
Q

Speciation

Ecological isolation means

A

Bloom times not aligned

32
Q

Speciation

Mechanical isolation means

A

Exine doesnt fit into the receptors of the stigma

33
Q

Speciation

Post-zygotic means

A

After the zygote is formed

34
Q

What are the 3 types of post-zygotic speciation

A

Zygote death due to chromosomal mismatch
Hybrid sterility
Reduced hybrid fitness

35
Q

Speciation

What is polypolidy

A

Increased survival due to redundant genes

36
Q

Speciation

What are the 2 types of polyploidy

A

Allopolyploid

Autopolyploid

37
Q

Speciation

Allopolyploid means

A

A hybrid of 2 different species

38
Q

Speciation

Autopolyploid

A

A hybrid of 2 different populations of same species

Botany Lecture Unit 4 (21 decks)

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