Growth

Question 1

What are the phases of growth and what is the driver for each?

Answer 1

Infant - nutrients
Child - GH
Pubertal - sex steroid

Question 2

How does growth differ between the first year and the rest of life?

Answer 2

after one year, many other factors such as BMR and physical activity

Question 3

What supplementation do non-breast fed infants receive?

Answer 3

Vitamin A C & D

Question 4

Which vitamin should be supplemented to breast fed children and mothers?

Answer 4

Vit D

Question 5

Til what age is breast feeding recommended?

Answer 5

6 months

Question 6

What is the recommended nutritional intake for children 6-8 months?

Answer 6

2-3 times per day, gradually introduce full fat dairy milk and gluten.

Question 7

What is the recommended nutritional intake for children 9+ months?

Answer 7

3-4 times per day, plus snacks

Question 8

How does gestational diabetes cause big babies?

Answer 8

Extra insulin acts as a GH

Question 9

What is the red flag regarding child growth?

Answer 9

crossing 2 centiles

Question 10

At what age is puberty considered delayed?

Answer 10

13 (?)

Question 11

Define Thelarche

Answer 11

breast budding

Question 12

At what age is thelarche considered precocious?

Answer 12

8

Question 13

Define Adrenarche.

Answer 13

Development of body hair and odor

Question 14

Define Mencarche.

Answer 14

Starting periods

Question 15

How is mid parental height used?

Answer 15

Target height for child - draw a line between both parents and where is crosses is target height

Question 16

What investigations are appropriate for short stature?

Answer 16

IGF1, thyroid, karyotype, pathology Ix, bone age (X ray), dynamic function tests, MRI brain, USS uterus if indicated

Question 17

What are the different causes of short stature?

Answer 17

Genetic (parents also short)
Constitutional growth delay (they will catch up)
Dysmorphic Syndrome (Turner’s, Prader Willi)
Endocrine disease
Chronic diseases
Psychosocial deprivation